Vibrational Spectroscopy - The University of Akron UA Home振动光谱-阿克伦大学UA回家.ppt

Vibrational Spectroscopy - The University of Akron UA Home振动光谱-阿克伦大学UA回家.ppt

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VibrationalSpectroscopy

ObservetransitionsbetweenvibrationallevelsofmoleculesChangesinrotationaswell;Ro-vibrationalspectraObservedas:onephotonabsorptionemission(mostlyinmid-IRspectralregion)Asinelasticscatteringoflight(Raman)Asnonlinear4-wavemixing(CARS)Universallyapplicable.AllpolyatomicandheteronucleardiatomicshaveatleastoneIRallowedfundamentaltransitionAllmoleculeshaveaRamanvibrationalspectra.

Vibrationalspectroscopycanbeappliedtoliquids,solids,andsurfacesaswellasingasphase.ThereisahighdegreeofqualitativechemicalinformationinavibrationalspectrumDifferenttypesofchemicalbondsleadtoIRabsorptionbandsinpredicablespectralintervals.BernathhasatableofsuchIRfrequenciesThesearereallywavenumbersnotfrequenciesIn“fingerprintregion”thenormalmodesarequitemixedbutcancomplexspectracanbeusedforidentification

ModernelectronstructurecalculationscanpredictvibrationalspectrawithremarkableaccuracyformostmoleculesB3LYPDFTiswidelyused;afterempiricalscalingerrorsofafew%aretypical.IRspectroscopyofraregasmatriceshavegiventhefirstspectroscopicevidenceformanyunstableandhighlyreactivespeciesIRspectraprovideswindowintoIntramoleculardynamics–howenergydepositedinonemodecanflowtoothermodes.These“IVR”processesarefundamentaltomostchemicalreactions.

Oncevibrationalspectraareassigned,theycanbeusedtoselectivelydetectmoleculesIRabsorptiontypicallystrongeranMWabsorptionForOCSstrongestIRintegratedlinestrength~2000xlargerthanforstrongestrotationaltransitionatroomT.FTIR’sarewidelyusedforchemicalprocesscontrolIRspectroscopycanbeusedtoprobewith~5mmmicronspatialresolutionRamanCARSmicroscopycanbeextendeddownto~200nmresolutionIRspectroscopycanfollowpopulationchangesintothefsectimedomainTimevs.Freq.resolutiontrade-off.

TheoryFoundationsVibrat

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