from fossil fuels to renewables- the role of electricity storage 从化石燃料到可再生能源：电力存储的作用.doc

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from fossil fuels to renewables- the role of electricity storage 从化石燃料到可再生能源：电力存储的作用.doc

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FROMFOSSILFUELSTORENEWABLES:THEROLEOFELECTRICITYSTORAGE

ItziarLazkano,DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofWisconsin-Milwaukee,USA.lazkano@uwm.edu

LindaN?stbakken,DepartmentofEconomics,NorwegianSchoolofEconomics,Norway.linda.nostbakken@nhh.no

MartinoPelli,DepartmentofEconomics,UniversitédeSherbrooke,Canada.martino.pelli@usherbrooke.ca

Overview

Concernsoverclimatechangehaveledsocietytoseekalternativestoreducecarbonemissions.Tothisend,manycallforashiftinenergyproductionfromfossilfuelstowardrenewables.Althoughrenewableenergyisavailableasacleansourceofelectricity,fossilfuelsstillaccountforthevastmajorityoftheworldselectricitygeneration.Electricitygenerationiscurrentlythesinglelargestcarbonemitterglobally,andwithrapidgrowthinenergydemand,drivenbygrowthindevelopingcountries,innovationintheelectricitysectorcanbeanimportantchannelforreducedcarbonemissions.WhileR\Deffortshaveresultedinnewandimprovedcleantechnologies,efficientenergystorageisoftenmentionedasthekeyinnovationchallengeformeetingrenewablegoals.Withlarge-scaleenergystoragesolutions,intermittentrenewableenergysourcescanincreasetheirshareinthefuturegridmix.

Thecapacityofstoringelectricityisthekeycomponentthatlinkselectricitygenerationtoitsdelivery.Animportantfeatureofelectricitymarketsistherequirementforgridbalanceatalltimes.Hence,giventheintermittencyofrenewableenergysources,renewableandnonrenewableelectricitysourcesarenotperfectsubstitutesunlesswehaveaccesstocheap,large-scalestoragesolutions.Onlythencanintermittentrenewableenergysourcesbeasflexibleastraditionalnonrenewablesourcesinbalancingthegrid.Demandfluctuations,suchasdailyorweeklypatternsinconsumption,representanotherkeychallenge