Photovoltaics as a Long-Term Solution to Power Outages 光伏发电作为停电的长期解决方案.doc

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Photovoltaics as a Long-Term Solution to Power Outages 光伏发电作为停电的长期解决方案.doc

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PHOTOVOLTAICSASALONG-TERMSOLUTIONTOPOWEROUTAGES

CASESTUDY:THEGREAT1996WSCCPOWEROUTAGE

copyrightAmericanSolarEnergySociety

RichardPerezandRobertSealsASRC,TheUniversityatAlbany

HowardWengerandTomHoff,PacificEnergyGroup

ChristyHerig,NREL

ABSTRACT

TheWesternSystemCoordinatingCouncil(WSCC)experiencedtwomajorpoweroutagesduringthesummerof1996.Bothoutagesoccurredduringextremeheatwavesandvirtuallycloud-freeconditions.FocusingontheAugust10outage,wepresentevidencethatdispersedphotovoltaicpowergenerationhasthepotentialtomitigatetheeffectsofmassivepoweroutages.

TheauthorshavepreviouslyshownthatPVoutputishighlycorrelatedwithheat-wave-drivenloads(A/Cdrivenloads).ThefollowinganalysisindicatesthatthecircumstancesoftheAugust10eventarenoexception.PVavailabilitywasatamaximumandthehighloadsonthesystemweredirectlyattributedtotheheatwave.

ThepaperpresentsPVdeploymentstrategiesthatwouldservetomitigatetheeffectsoftheoutage,initiallyfromtheperspectiveofdirectconsumerrelief.However,asdispersedPVgenerationsaturatestheelectricalsystemoverthelongterm,thehighloaddemandmatchreliefcouldpreventthecascadingtripsoflargegeneratingplants,therebyprovidingsystemrelief

1.THEPOWEROUTAGE

1.1Background

OnSaturday,August10,1996,at3:48PMLocalPacificTime,amassivecascadingpoweroutageinterruptedelectricservicetoover7millioncustomersthroughouttheWesternSystemsCoordinatingCouncil(WSCC)servicearea[1].Thesecustomerslostpowerforaslongas6hours,resultinginlargefinanciallosses,customerinconvenience,andanundeterminednumberofhealthimpacts.Fig.1showstheextentoftheWSCCserviceareaandtheregionofeventsoriginatingthedisturbance.TheWSCCcoordinatesoperationof91utilitysystemswiththegoalofprovidingareliablesourceofelectricitytoabout6