数字信号处理课件 第8章 Quadrature Signals.ppt

ChapterEight.QuadratureSignals1

8.1.WHYCAREABOUTQUADRATURESIGNALS?Quadraturesignalsarebasedonthenotionofcomplexnumbers.Quadraturesignalformats,alsocalledcomplexsignals,areusedinmanydigitalsignalprocessingapplications,suchas:digitalcommunicationssystems,radarsystems,timedifferenceofarrivalprocessinginradiodirectionfindingschemes,coherentpulsemeasurementsystems,antennabeamformingapplications,andsinglesidebandmodulators.Theseapplicationsfallinthegeneralcategoryknownasquadratureprocessing,andtheyprovideadditionalprocessingpowerthroughthecoherentmeasurementofthephaseofsinusoidalsignals.Aquadraturesignalisatwo-dimensionalsignalwhosevalueatsomeinstantintimecanbespecifiedbyasinglecomplexnumberhavingtwoparts:whatwecalltherealpartandtheimaginarypart.2

8.2.THENOTATIONOFCOMPLEXNUMBERSFigure8-1.Graphicalinterpretations:(a)arealnumber;(b)acomplexnumber.AcomplexnumbercisshowninFigure8-1(b)whereitsalsorepresentedasapoint.Complexnumbersarenotrestrictedtolyingonaone-dimensionalline,butcanresideanywhereonatwo-dimensionalplane.Thatplaneiscalledthecomplexplane.3

Useageometricviewpointtohelpusunderstandsomeofthearithmeticofcomplexnumbers.TakingalookatFigure8-2,wecanusethetrigonometryofrighttrianglestodefineseveraldifferentwaysofrepresentingthecomplexnumberc.Figure8-2.Thephasorrepresentationofcomplexnumberc=a+jbonthecomplexplane.4

Table8-1.ComplexNumberNotation5

ccanalsobeconsideredthetipofaphasoronthecomplexplane.cisacomplexnumberandthevariablesa,b,M,and?areallrealnumbers.Themagnitudeofc,sometimescalledthemodulusofc,isThephaseangle?isthearctangentoftheratiooftheimaginarypartovertherealpart,SetEq.(8-3)equaltoEq.(8-2),thenWecanstatewhatsnamedinhishonorandnowcalledoneofEulersidentitiesas