《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件——三、小麦赤霉病绿色防控（双语版）.pptx

;小麦赤霉病俗称麦穗枯、烂麦头、红麦头，是我国南方麦区冬麦类作物上重要病害之一，特别是长江流域冬麦区，严重影响小麦的产量和品质。病菌侵染后，除导致产量损失外，同时还因病粒内含有多种毒素，可引起人、畜中毒，发生呕吐、腹痛、头昏等现象。

Wheatscab,commonlyknownaswheatearblight,rottenwheatheadandredwheathead,isoneoftheimportantdiseasesofwinterwheatcropsinthesouthernwheatregionsofChina,especiallyinthewinterwheatregionsoftheYangtzeRiverbasin,whichseriouslyaffectstheyieldandqualityofwheat.Inadditiontoyieldloss,bacterialinfectionmayalsocausepoisoningtohumansandanimalsbecauseofavarietyoftoxinscontainedintheinfectedkernels,resultinginsymptomssuchasvomiting,abdominalpainanddizziness.;（一）症状识别SymptomIdentification

小麦自苗期至穗期均可受害，产生苗枯、茎基腐、秆腐和穗腐等症状，其中以穗腐危害最重。

Wheatmaybedamagedfromtheseedlingstagetotheheadingstage,showingsymptomssuchasseedlingblight,basalstemrot,stemrot,andearrot,amongwhichearrotisthemostharmful.

穗腐一般在小麦灌浆乳熟时发生，先在小穗的基部发生淡褐色病斑，天气潮湿时病斑扩大呈水渍状，以后整个小穗变为黄褐色或枯黄色。

Earrotgenerallyoccursatthefillingandmilkyripestages.Atfirst,lightbrownspotsappearatthebaseofaspikelet.Whentheweatheriswet,thespotsexpandandlooklikewaterstains.Later,thewholespikeletbecomesyellowbrownorwitheredyellow.

;（一）症状识别SymptomIdentification

湿度大时，病部产生粉红色胶质霉层（分生孢子座及分生孢子）。麦穗成熟后期，受害部出现小黑点（子囊壳）。;（一）症状识别SymptomIdentification

受害的麦粒皱缩、空秕，表面有白色至粉红色霉层。

Theaffectedkernelsareshrunkenandhollow,withawhite-to-pinkmildewlayeronthesurface.

;（二）病原Etiology

无性态为禾谷镰刀菌，属半知菌亚门镰孢菌属真菌

TheanamorphonesareFusariumgraminearum,fallingintoFusariumfungi,Deuteromycotina

有性态为玉蜀黍赤霉，属子囊菌亚门赤霉属真菌

TheteleomorphonesareGibberellazeae,fallingintoGibberellafungi,Ascomycotina;???三）发病规律OccurrenceRegularity

病原菌腐生能力强，可在多种植物残体上越夏、越冬。带病种子和病残体上的子囊壳、分生孢子是下一个小麦生长季节的主要初侵染来源。

Thepathogenicbacteriahaveahighsaprophyticability,andcanoversummerandoverwinteronavari