《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件——三、稻曲病绿色防控（双语）.pptx

;三稻曲病绿色防控;（一）症状识别

SymptomIdentification

主要在水稻抽穗扬花期感病，病菌主要侵染水稻的穗部。

Itismainlysusceptibletoinfectionattheheadingandfloweringstageandthepathogenmainlyinoculatestheearofrice.

;稻曲（薄膜破裂）

RiceFalseSmut(filmBroken)

;稻曲病后期症状

SymptomsofRiceFalseSmutatLateStage

;（二）病原菌PathogenicBacteria

无性态：半知菌亚门绿核菌属的稻绿核菌

TheanamorphisUstilaginoideavirensoftheUstilaginoideaBref,Deuteromycotina.

有性态：子囊菌亚门麦角菌属的稻麦角菌

TheteleomorphisClavicepsoryzae-sativaeoftheClaviceps,Ascomycotina.

;（三）发生规律OccurrenceRegularity

病菌以落入土中菌核或附于种子上的厚垣孢子越冬。次年7～8月间开始抽生子座，上生子囊壳，其中产生大量子囊孢子；厚垣孢子在条件适宜时萌发产生分生孢子。子囊孢子和分生孢子借气流、雨水传播，侵害花器和幼颖，引起谷粒发病。

Thepathogenoverwinterswithsclerotiathatfallintothesoilorchlamydosporesattachedtoseeds.FromJulytoAugustofthefollowingyear,thestromabegantogrowontheascospores,andperitheciumisproduced,onwhichalargenumberofascosporesareproduced.Chlamydosporesaregerminatedtoproduceconidiawhenconditionsareappropriate.Ascosporesandconidiaarespreadbyairflowandrainwater,infectingflowerorgansandyoungspikelets,andfurthercausinggraindisease.;不同水稻品种间的抗性存在较明显差异。矮秆、叶片宽、角度小、枝梗数多的密穗型品种较感病，反之则较抗病；抗病性一般表现为早熟中熟晚熟，糯稻籼稻粳稻；此外，颖壳表面粗糙无茸毛的品种发病重。

Theresistanceofdifferentricecultivarsissignificantlydifferent.Densepaniclecultivarswithshortstalks,wideleaves,smallangles,andmanybranchesarepronetobesusceptible,andconversely,theyaremoreresistant.Diseaseresistanceisgenerallycharacterizedbyearlymaturitymediummaturitylatematurity,glutinousriceindicaricejaponicarice.Inaddition,cultivarswithroughandfluffyglumesurfacesaremoreaffected.

;（四）防治措施ControlMeasures

（1）选育和种植抗病品种：选???抗病品种是防治稻曲病最经济有效的方法。如在重庆市区域内的主栽品种中，准两优527、K优88、金优725、岗优615、D优162、汕优149等品种病穗率、病粒率都较低，说明这些品种具有一定的抗病能力。

(1)Select,breedandplantdisease-resistantcultivars:Selectingdisease-resi