2025年贵州中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题十构词法.pptxVIP

第二部分专题十构词法

在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。?考向1前缀(前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性)核心考点精讲练命题点1派生法1．表否定意义的前缀前缀示例un-able→unableusual→unusualhappy→unhappy

in-correct→incorrectexpensive→inexpensiveim-polite→impolitepatient→impatientpossible→impossibledis-like→dislikeappear→disappearagree→disagreehonest→dishonestnon-smoker→non-smokernative→non-native前缀示例

2.其他前缀含义示例mis-错误understand→misunderstandlead→misleadre-再；又，重复view→reviewbuild→rebuildwrite→rewriteinter-相互；交互在一起net→Internetnational→internationala-处于……状态或过程中live→alivewake→awake

前缀含义示例en-使可能rich→enrichable→enablecourage→encouragetele-远的；电视的；电话的phone→telephonevision→televisioncontrol→telecontrol

?考向2后缀(后缀多数改变词性类型后缀示例名词→形容词-yrain→rainyluck→luckyhealth→healthywealth→wealthy-lylove→lovelyfriend→friendly-ousdanger→dangeroushumor→humorous-fuluse→usefulcare→carefulhelp→helpful

类型后缀示例名词→形容词-less词义与加-ful时相反use→uselesscare→careless-ernwest→westernsouth→southern-engold→goldenwood→wooden-alnation→nationaltradition→traditional-ishfool→foolishchild→childish

类型后缀示例名词→名词-istart→artistpiano→pianisttour→touristscience→scientist-hoodchild→childhoodneighbor→neighborhood-shipleader→leadershipfriend→friendship-eseChina→ChineseJapan→Japanese-n，-an，-ianAustralia→AustralianEurope→Europeanmusic→musician

类型后缀示例动词→名词-er，-or，-(r)essteach→teacherwin→winneract→actorvisit→visitorwait→waitress-ingpaint→paintingbuild→buildingcross→crossing动词→名-mentdevelop→development-(t)ion/-sion/去e加-ationinvite→invitationdecide→decisiondiscuss→discussion

类型后缀示例动词→形容词-ablecomfort→comfortableenjoy→enjoyable(去e加)-(t)iveact→activecreate→creative-(e)dsurprise→surprisedinterest→interested(去e加)-inginterest→interestingexcite→exciting

类型后缀示例形容词→名词-tysafe→safety-nessill→illnesssad→sadnesskind→kindnesshappy→happiness(-le变)-(il)ityable→abilityreal→realitypossible→possibility-ce(以t结尾去t再加-c-e)important→importancesilent→silencedifferent→difference-thtrue→truthwarm→warmth-(e)rforeign→foreignerstrange→stranger

类型