矩阵分析课件 Matrix Factorization.ppt

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Leture6:MatrixFactorizationMatrixAnalysis

AlgorithmtofindJordancanonicalformofamatrixWedefinethefollowingspaces,whereAisourm×mmatrix:Null(A-?I)=Nullspace(A-?I).Thedimensionofthisisthenumberofeigenvectorsfor?.V1=W1=Null(A-?I)Vi=Null((A-?I)i)Wi={w?Null(((A-?I)i)suchthatw?Null((A-?I)i-1)},for2?i?m.

AlgorithmtofindJCF

ThisLecturehighlightsafewofthemanyfactorizationtheoremsformatrices.MainlyincludesPLUdecompositionandQRfactorizationwhichresultsservetosimplifythesolutiontolinearsystems.Moreovergeneralizedinverseisalsointroducedtoinvertanon-invertiblematrixforanon-consistentsystem.Inthislecture,withoutexceptiontheunderlyinginnerproductisstandardinnerproductandtheunderlyingvectornormisEuclideannorm||·||2.

7.1PLUDecompositionandLU/LRfactorizationToachievethePLUandLU/LRdecomposition(orfactorization)ofaninvertiblematrixA,werequireamodifiednotionoftherowreducedechelonformwhilewestudiedGaussianelimination.Definition7.1.1.Themodifiedrowechelonformofamatrixisthatformwhichsatisfiesalltheconditionsoftherowreducedechelonformexceptthatwedonotrequirezerostobeaboveleadingones,andmoreoverwedonotrequireleadingones,justnonzeroentries.

Forexamplethematricesbelowareinmodifiedrowechelonform.ForaninvertiblematrixA,thisreductionisaccomplishedbytheleftmultiplicationofAbyasequenceoflowertriangularmatricesoftheform.

Withtheleftmultiplication,wehave

Andwehavewhere

Notethatinthisreduction,weoftenneedsomerowinterchangestoensurebenonzero.AndweletPbethepermutationmatrixthatcreatestheserowinterchangestheLU-factorizationabovecanbecarriedoutforthematrixPA.ThusPA=LU.WecallthisPLUfactorization.Letussummarizethisinthefollowingtheorem.Theorem7.1.1(PLUfactorization).Forthe

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