《系统解剖学》内脏学-教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

咽pharynx是一个上宽下窄、前后略扁的漏斗形肌性管，分为鼻咽部、口咽部和喉咽部。（一）鼻咽nasopharynxliessuperiortothesoftpalateandistheposteriorextensionofthenasalcavities.咽扁桃体pharyngealtonsil。咽鼓管咽口pharyngealopeningofauditorytube，咽鼓管圆枕tubaltorus。咽隐窝pharyngealrecess，是鼻咽癌的好发部位。（二）口咽oropharynxextendsfromthelevelofthesoftpalatetothatofthesuperiorborderoftheepiglottis.腭扁桃体palatinetonsil咽淋巴环由咽扁桃体、咽鼓管扁桃体tubaltonsil、腭扁桃体以及舌扁桃体围成。（三）喉咽laryngopharynxextendsfromthesuperiorborderoftheepiglottistotheesophagusattheleveloftheinferiorborderofthecricoiodcartilage.梨状隐窝piriformrecess，是异物常易停留的部位。咽肌musclesofpharynx由咽缩肌和咽提肌组成。咽缩肌包括咽上、咽中、咽下缩肌。咽提肌位于咽缩肌的深部。食管esophagus,ahighlymusculartubethatextendsfromthepharynxtothestomach.Itisusuallyflattenedanteroposteriorly.Itliesanteriortothebodiesofvertebrae.依其行程可分为颈部、胸部和腹部三段。食管全程有三处狭窄constriction：第一个狭窄位于食管和咽的连接处，距中切牙约15cm；第二个狭窄位于食管与左支气管交叉处，相当于胸骨角平面，距中切牙约25cm；第三狭窄为穿经膈食管裂孔处，距中切牙40cm。胃stomachThestomachactsasafoodblenderandreservoir;itschieffunctionisenzymticdigestion.Thestomachhastwowalls,twocurvatures,twoorificesandfourparts.Anterior,posteriorwall前、后壁.Thecardia贲门isthepartadjacenttotheesophagogastricjunction,istheopeningoftheesophagusintothestomoch.Thepylorus幽门istheopeningintotheduodenum.Thelessercurvature胃小弯formstheshorterconcaveborderofthestomach.Thegreatercurvture胃大弯formsthelongerconvexborderofthestomach.Thecardiacpart贲门部isthepartadjacenttothecardia.Thefundusofthestomach胃底islimitedinferiorlybythehorizontalplaneofthecardialorifice.Thebodyofthestomach胃体liesbetweenthefundusandthepyloricantrum.Thepyloricpartofthethestomach幽门部isthefunnel-shapedregion;itswidepart,thepyloricantrum幽门窦,leadsintothepyloriccanal幽门管,itsnarrowpart.胃stomach是消化管的最膨大部分。大部分位于腹上部的左季肋区。上端贲门cardia，下端出口叫幽门p