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韩愈《马说》原文及翻译
一、原文
原文:
(1)世有伯乐,然后有千里马。千里马常有,而伯乐不常有。故虽有名马,祗辱于奴隶人之手,骈死于槽枥之间,不以千里称也。
(2)马之千里者,一食或尽粟一石。食马者不知其能千里而食也。是马也,虽有千里之能,食不饱,力不足,才美不外见,且欲与常马等不可得,安求其能千里也?
(3)策之不以其道,食之不能尽其材,鸣之而不能通其意,执策而临之,曰:“天下无马!”呜呼!其真无马邪?其真不知马也!
二、翻译
翻译:
(1)Intheworld,therearefirst-ratehorsemenbeforetherecanbefirst-ratehorses.First-ratehorsesarecommon,butfirst-ratehorsemenarenot.Therefore,eveniftherearefamoushorses,theyareonlydegradedtothehandsofslavesanddieinthestalls,andcannotbecalled千里马.Thehorsesthatcanrunathousandmiles,sometimesconsumeastoneofgraininonemeal.Thosewhofeedhorsesdonotknowthattheyarefeedingahorsethatcanrunathousandmiles.Suchhorses,althoughtheyhavetheabilitytorunathousandmiles,arenotfedtotheirfullcapacity,arenotenergeticenough,andtheirtalentsarenotevidentexternally.Moreover,eveniftheywanttobetreatedequallywithordinaryhorses,theycannotachievethat,letalonebeingabletorunathousandmiles.
(2)Ifahorseisnottreatedaccordingtotherightmethod,ifthefoodisnotsufficienttofullydevelopitsabilities,ifthehorsesneighingisnotunderstood,andifoneholdsthewhipinfrontofitandsays,Therearenogoodhorsesintheworld!Alas!Isitreallythattherearenogoodhorses,orisitthatpeopledonotknowhowtorecognizegoodhorses?ThestoryoftheXiaDynastyisacaseinpoint.KingZhouoftheXiaDynastywasknownforhisloveofhorses.HehadahorsenamedJingyuanthatwashighlyvalued.However,KingZhousloveforhorseswasnotbasedonrecognizingtheirtrueworth.Hetreatedthemasmereobjectsofhispleasure,ratherthanaslivingbeingswiththeirownabilitiesandpersonalities.Asaresult,eventhoughJingyuanwasafirst-ratehorse,itwasnotabletofullyshowcaseitstalents.
(3)InancientChina,thereweremanyfamoushorsemenwhowereabletorecognizeandappreciatethetruevalueofhorses.OnesuchhorsemanwasSimaXiangru,wholivedduringtheWesternHanDynasty.SimaXiangruwasknownforhisexpertiseinhorsebreedingandforhisabilitytoidentifyandtrainfirst-ratehorses.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,SimaXiangruonceencounteredahorsethatwasbeingmistreatedbyitsowner.Thehorsewasthinandweak,anditseemedasifithadnohopeofrecovery.
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