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Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistof
stressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.
Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresome
positivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumust
rememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyou
havetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffects
yourchancesofstayinghealthy.
Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.Andmillions
ofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehowtheresearch
gotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscauses
illness”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaidavoidstressfulevents.
Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous
many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoid
allstressfuleventsisaprescription(处方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.
Sinceanychangecanbestressful,awhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswould
nevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.
Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.It
assumeswe’reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabout
humaninitiativeandcreativity﹖Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicaland
mentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallenge
canleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.
21.TheresultofHolmes-Rahesmedicalresearchtellsus____.
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