标点符号与语法结构.pdfVIP

Today’sLecture

•Punctuation

•Restrictiverelativeclause

•-ingclausesofresults

•ErrorsinModifyingPhrases

--Miscedmodifiers

--Danglingparticip

•ParallelConstruction

•Comparison

--Comparedwith/comparedto

•Artica(an)andthe

•Effectivesentences

Punctuation

Increasingpowertoseparate:

Comma

Colon

Dash

Parentheses

Semicolon

Period

Punctuation

Dash

Inappearanceitisverypowerful,butinrealityitisnothingtobe

afraidof—itisapapertiger.

—MaoZedongontheUnitedStates,1956

edfromanarticleinTheWeekmagazine

“Whythemilitaryisonlyapaperdragon”

Corruption,badneighbors,inflation,

andademographictimebomb—these

arejustafewofBeijingswoes

Punctuation

Comma,semicolon,andperiod

Example:

•Thebusstoppedsuddenly,Ispilledcoffeeallovermyshirt.(?)

Threeways:

1.Thebusstoppedsuddenly,andIspilledcoffeeallovermyshirt.

Usecommon+jointingword(and,but,so,yet,for,or,nor)

2.Thebusstoppedsuddenly;Ispilledcoffeeallovermyshirt.

3.Thebusstoppedsuddenly.Ispilledcoffeeallovermyshirt.

Punctuation

Commaandsemicolon

Examp:

•Thestreetvendorsoldnewspapers,magazines,andbooks.

•Theydramaticallyreducedthenumberofseriesinproduction:in1935,

fourteenserieswerecirculating;in1940,nine;by1980,whenthesyndicate

wasinitsfinalyears,onlyfour.

ReducingRestrictiveRelativeClause

Example:

DeviceAisanexternalmachinethatisattherearofthebox.

2.Therelativeclauseconsistsofapassiveverbplussomeadditionalinformation.

Example:

Atheaterisabuildingthathasbeenspecificallydesignedfordramatic

performances

ReducingRelative