阿伏伽德罗定律与溶液配制重点.pdfVIP

[HighSchoolChemistry]Lecture9Avogadro’sLawandPreparationof

Solutions

,knowledge

framework

,focusdetails

【Examination】Avodro’snumber

determination

(1)AvogadrosLawofConstant(LawofFourIdenticals-twoidenticalsarecertainorundercertaincircumstances,theothertwoidenticals

mustbeproportional)Atthesametemperatureandpressure,anygasofthesamevolumecontainsthesamenumberofmolecu(notonly

applicabletopuregases,butalsotomixedgases)

(2)CorollarytoAvogadro’sconstantlaw

1Idealgasequation:pVnRT;wherep,V,n,Trefertopressure,volume,amountofsubstance,andtemperature;Ris

thegasconstant2Cleverusesoftheidealgasequation

【Classicexample】

Example1Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect()

A.Atacertaintemperatureandpressure,thevolumeofagasisdetermined

bythesizeofitsmolecu.B.Atacertaintemperatureandpressure,the

volumeofagasisdeterminedbytheamountofitssubstance.C.Themolar

volumeofagasrefersto1mol.Thevolumeoccupiedbyanygasis22.4L.D.If

differentgaseshavedifferentvolumes,thenumberofmolecutheycontain

mustbedifferent.

Example2Amongthefollowinggroups,thenumberofmolecuofthetwogasesmustbeequal()

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A.OandNwiththesametemperatureandsamevolumeB.COandCHwiththesamevolumeand

differentdensities

C．质量相等、密度不等的N和CHD．压强相同、体积相同的N和O

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【考】定物质的量浓度溶液的配制

（1）容量瓶的选择和注意事项

①容量瓶是为配制准确的一定物质的量浓度的溶液用的精确仪器．常和移液管配合使用．以把某种物质分为若干等

份．通常有25，50，100，250，500，1000mL等数种规格，实验中常用的是100和250mL的容量瓶．

②注