PID控制器原理与应用：连续过程控制及特性.pdfVIP

PIDcontrollerscanbestand-alonecontrollers(alsocalledsingleloopcontrollers),

controllersinPLCs,embeddedcontrollers,orsoftwareinVisualBasicorC#

computerprograms.

PIDcontrollersareprocesscontrollerswiththefollowingcharacteristics:

Continuousprocesscontrol;Analoginput(alsoknownas“measurement”or“Process

Variable”or“PV”);Analogoutput(referredtosimplyas“output”);Setpoint

(SP);Proportional(P),Integral(I),and/orDerivative(D)constants

Exampof“continuousprocesscontrol”aretemperature,pressure,flow,andlevel

control.Forexample,controllingtheheatingofatank.Forsimplecontrol,youhavetwo

temperaturelimitsensors(onelowandonehigh)andthenswitchtheheateronwhen

thelowtemperaturelimitsensorturnsonandthenturntheheateroffwhenthe

temperaturerisestothehightemperaturelimitsensor.Thisissimilartomosthomeair

conditioningheatingthermostats.Incontrast,thePIDcontrollerwouldreceiveinput

astheactualtemperatureandcontrolavalvethatregulatestheflowofgastotheheater.

ThePIDcontrollerautomaticallyfindsthecorrect(constant)flowofgastotheheater

thatkeepsthetemperaturesteadyatthesetpoint.Insteadofthetemperaturebouncing

backandforthweentwopoints,thetemperatureisheldsteady.Ifthesetpointis

lowered,thenthePIDcontrollerautomaticallyreducestheamountofgasflowingto

theheater.Ifthesetpointisraised,thenthePIDcontrollerautomaticallyincreasesthe

amountofgasflowingtotheheater.LikewisethePIDcontrollerwouldautomatically

forhot,sunnydays(whenitishotteroutsidetheheater)andforcold,cloudydays.

PID控制器可以是独立控制器(也可以叫做单回路控制器)，可编程控制器(PLCs)

中的控制器，嵌入式控制器或者是用Vb或C#编写的计算机程序软件。

PID控制器是过程控制器，它具有如下特征：

连续过程控制；模拟输入(也被称为“测量量”或“过程变量”或“PV”)；模拟输出(简

称为“输出”)；基准点(SP)；比例、积