8000吨年氧化羰化制碳酸二甲酯合成工艺设计 说明书.doc

摘 要 本课题是完成8000吨/年碳酸二甲酯合成工段工艺设计，主要原理是用甲醇、一氧化碳和氧气在催化剂作用下在固定床反应器进行氧化羰基化反应，再通过精馏塔进行产品的分离提纯。由于该反应是一个有机合成反应，主副反应同时进行，主反应产物为碳酸二甲酯DMC，副反应产生草酸二甲酯DMO，因此粗产品包括DMC、DMO和未反应完的，需进行三元物系的分离。考虑到三组分同为有机物，其相对挥发度相差较大，所以用精馏的方法分离。DMO最难挥发，用常压精馏塔将它首先分离出来；DMC和DMO能产生二元共沸物，先用减压精馏分离部分DMC，再用加压精馏将DMC和DMO彻底分离。除主要的工艺计算外，考虑到对实际生产有较好的指导作用和环境污染的问题，课题也要求进行生产工艺的经济核算、安全评价、生产工厂区域平面设计以及环境问题的分析。目前，国内还没有大型的碳酸二甲酯的生产线，而且碳酸二甲酯是一种重要的工业原料，具有很好的经济效益。该课题选用的氧化羰化制碳酸二甲酯工艺合成法是一种较为绿色的合成方法，虽然会有副产物DMO生成，但是这也是一种重要的化工原料，可以分离后产生良好的经济效益，同时该反应是一种原子经济反应，如果生产各个环节控制得当，不会产生过多环境污染，对目前化工生产有很重要的指导意义。 关键词：甲醇；碳酸二甲酯；草酸二甲酯；精馏 Abstract The issue is the completion of 8,000 tons / year dimethyl carbonate synthesis section in process design, The main principle is to use methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the catalyst in a fixed bed reactor for oxidative carbonylation, Products through distillation separation and purification. Since the reaction is an organic synthesis reaction, the main side effects at the same time, the main reaction product of dimethyl carbonate DMC, dimethyl oxalate, vice reactions DMO, so crude products, including DMC, DMO and unreacted end, the need for three Mixtures of the separation element. Taking into account three components with organic matter, and the relative volatility difference between the larger, so the method of separation using distillation. DMO hardest volatile, with the atmospheric distillation column to separate it first; DMC and DMO to Generate binary azeotrope, separation of the first part with the vacuum distillation DMC, then compression distillation complete separation of the DMC and DMO. In addition to the main process calculation, taking into account the actual production of better guidance and environmental pollution problems, the subject also requires the production process of economic accounting, safety evaluation, graphic design and production plant regional analysis of environmental issues.Currently, there are no large-scale production line of dimethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonat