255t-25.5m桥式起重机桁架梁主桁架结构及工艺设计.doc

25/5t-25.5m桥式起重机桁架梁主桁架 结构及工艺设计 摘 要 起重机械是一种循环、间歇动作、短程的搬运物料的机械。桥式起重机主梁的桁架结构具有自重轻、材料少、造价低等优点，但其本身也有结构复杂、焊接工作量大、易变形等缺点，所以还需要通过合理的分析和设计来解决这些问题。 此次在全面考虑了桁架梁所承受的各类载荷后，对主桁架进行了如下设计：首先通过绘制和分析各杆件的影响线得到各类杆件所承受的最大内力；然后由许用应力法确定各类杆件的截面尺寸、型钢种类及型钢号，同时主桁架还必需满足强度、刚度、稳定性的要求，保证在工作中不能超过规定的挠度值，不能产生失稳及塑性变形；最后，对主桁架进行工艺分析，主要包括对材料焊接性、结构工艺性、技术要求和现有生产条件。 此次桁架梁设计外形采用折线形桁架，所有型钢均采用等边角钢。斜杆和上、下弦杆为双角钢体系，竖杆为单角钢体系。主桁架需预制上拱度，以避免由于梁身自重和载重引起下挠，保证小车运行平稳等。另外，弦杆需要用多段型钢拼接而成。装配时，各杆件的重心线需要与几何图形线一致。焊接方法采用气体保护焊，配合使用直径为1.6mm的H08Mn2SiA焊丝。 关键词：主桁架，影响线，许用应力法，加拱，CO2气体保护焊 Main Truss’s Structure and Process Design of 25/5t-25.5m Trussed Crane ABSTRACT Crane is a cycle , intermittent operation , short-range transport of materials machinery.Bridge crane is with a light weight, less material , and low cost advantages, but also has its own complex structure, welding workload, deformation and other shortcomings, so it needs rational analysis and design to solve these problems . After full consideration of the various types of loads in the truss beard , the main truss was designed as follows : First, getting the maximum exposure of internal forces of various types of rods by drawing and analyzing the influence line of each rod; then using the admissible stress method to determine the cross-sectional dimensions of the various types of rods , steel type and steel numbers, while the main truss must also meet the requirements of strength, stiffness , stability , and ensured that the work can not exceed the specified deflection , could not produce instability and plastic deformation ; Finally, conducting the main truss’s process analysis, mainly including welding materials , structural processes , technical requirements and existing production conditions. The design shape of truss employed broken line, and all equilateral angle steel were used . Diagonals and upper lower chords adopted double angle system , montants single angle . the main truss needed to preset camber to avoid the downwarping caused by its own body weight and