浅谈数学归纳法的应用大学毕设论文.doc

浅谈数学归纳法的应用 摘 要 数学归纳法是一种非常重要的数学方法，它不仅对我们中学数学的学习有着很大的帮助,而且在高等数学的学习及研究中也是一种重要的方法，数学归纳法对公式的正确性检验中也有着很大的应用。数学归纳法是将无限化为有限的桥梁,主要探讨关于自然数集的有关命题或者恒等式，数学归纳法在中学数学中的整除问题，恒等式证明，公理证明,排列和组合,几何领域等都有着广泛的应用,这里我们主要结合初中教材来详细列举数学归纳法在中学数学以及在高等数学中的应用。要准确的运用数学归纳法，首先必须准确的理解其原理和意义以及熟练地掌握解题步骤，而在三个步骤中运用归纳假设尤为关键,运用归纳假设推出猜想最为重要。最后我们在通过用数学归纳法证明一些数学问题的过程中，可以更加深刻理解和掌握“归纳——猜想——证明”这一探索发现的思维方法。 关键词：归纳法，数学归纳法，证明 the Application of Mathematical Induction Abstract Mathematical induction is a very important mathematical method, it not only of the middle school mathematics learning has the very big help to us, but in the higher mathematics study and research is also a kind of important method, mathematical induction test the correctness of the formulas is also has a lot of applications. Mathematical induction is a bridge to infinite into a limited, mainly discusses about the relevant propositions or identities of natural number set mathematical induction method in middle school mathematics problem of divisible identities are proved, axiom proves that the permutation and combination, geometric field, has a wide range of applications, here we mainly combined with junior high school textbooks to detailed mathematical induction method in middle school mathematics and application in advanced mathematics. To use mathematical induction accurate, it must first be accurately understand its principle and the significance as well as expertly grasp the problem solving steps, and in three steps, it is important to use inductive hypothesis, using the induction hypothesis launch a guess that the most important. Finally we through use mathematical induction to prove some math problems in the process of, can be more profound understanding and mastering "induction - guess - proof" the discovery of thinking method. KEY WORDS: induction method, mathematical induction, proof 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 引言 1 1.2 数学归纳法的来源 1 2 数学归纳法的概述 3 2.1 常用数学证明方法 3 2.1.1 演绎法 3 2.1.2 归纳法 3 2.2 数学归纳法基本原理及其其它形式 3 2.2.1 数学归纳法概念 3 2.2.2 数学归纳法的基本原理 4 2.2.