【新课标人教版】2012届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：语法部分 第6讲 虚拟语气.docVIP

第6讲 虚拟语气 用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设的语气叫虚拟语气。 (一)if主从句中的虚拟语气 【完成例句】 (1)如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I were you, I should accept the invitation. (2)如果我有空，我就去那儿。 If I had time, I would go there. 【结论1】 条件与现在事实相反 从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were) 主句谓语用 would / should / could / might＋动词原形 【完成例句】 (3)如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If you had come earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have missed the bus. (4)如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 【结论2】 条件与过去事实相反 从句谓语用had done 主句谓语用would / should / could / might＋have done 【完成例句】 (5)万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。) If it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. (6)万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 If you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass, it would break. 【结论3】 条件与将来 事实相反 从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)或should ＋动词原形 / were to do 主句谓语用would / should / could / might＋动词原形 【疑难1】 含蓄虚拟句(即含有without / but for, otherwise / or等词的句子) 【例句观察】 Human beings would die without water. (＝Human beings would die if there were no water. ) I couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (＝I couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me. ) I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. (＝If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. ) 【疑难剖析1】含有without / but for，otherwise / or等词的句子谓语结构等同于if主从句中主句的谓语结构。 与现在或将来事实相反 would / should / could / might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 would / should / could / might＋have done 【疑难2】 含有had，should，were这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句 Had they had time(＝If they had had time)， they would have certainly come to help us. Should it be fine(＝If it should be fine)，we would go for an outing. Were I you(＝If I were you), I would go. 【疑难剖析2】含有had，should，were这三个词的虚拟条件状语从句，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，把had，should，were 提前放到句首，变为部分倒装。 【疑难3】 if混合虚拟条件从句(即主从句分别与不同的事实相反) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital. 【疑难剖析3】if假设条件