《管理学》课件英文版Chapter 5 Foundations of Planning.ppt

L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. What Is Planning? Define planning. Differentiate between formal and informal planning. Why Do Managers Plan? Describe the purposes of planning. Tell the conclusions from studies of the relationship between planning and performance. How Do Managers Plan? Define goals and plans. Describe the types of goals organizations might have. Explain why it’s important to know an organization’s stated and real goals. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. How Do Managers Plan? (cont’d) Describe each of the different types of plans. Establishing Goals and Developing Plans Discuss how traditional goal setting works. Explain the concept of the means-end chain. Describe the management by objective (MBO) approach. List the steps in a typical MBO program. Discuss the advantage and drawbacks of MBO programs. Describe the characteristics of well-designed goals. Explain the steps in setting goals. L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. Establishing Goals and Developing Plans (cont’d) Discuss the contingency factors that affect planning. Describe the approaches to planning. Establishing Goals and Developing Plans (cont’d) Explain the criticisms of planning and whether or not they’re valid. Describe how managers can effectively plan in today’s dynamic environment. 什么是计划工作What Is Planning? 计划工作Planning A primary functional managerial activity that involves: Defining the organization’s goals Establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals Developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational work. Types of planning Informal: not written down, short-term focus; specific to an organizational unit. Formal: written, specific, and long-term focus, involves shared goals for the organization. 为什么管理者要制定计划Why Do Managers Plan? 计划的