此为英文文档：Press and planet in danger - safety of environmental journalists; trends, challenges and recommendations.docx

Intheseries:

WorldTrendsinFreedom

ofExpressionandMedia

Development

PressandPlanetindanger

Safetyofenvironmentaljournalists–

trends,challengesandrecommendations

KEYTRENDS

?Atleast749journalists,groupsofjournalists,andnewsmediaoutletsreportingonenvironmentalissueshavebeenattackedin89countriesbetween2009and2023,inallregionsoftheworld.

?Over300attacksoccurredinthepastfiveyears,markinga42%increasefromtheprecedingfive-yearperiod.Thissurgeisattributedtoariseinphysicalattackslikeassaults,arrestsandharassment,andlegalactionsincludingdefamationlawsuitsandcriminalprosecutions.

?Stateactorshavecommittedatleasthalfofthe749attacks.Privateactorsareresponsibleforatleastaquarter.

?Atotalof44journalistsreportingonenvironmentalissueshavebeenkilledin15differentcountriesbetween2009and2023,withonlyfivecasesresultinginconvictions.Atleast24journalistssurvivedmurderattempts.

?Between2009to2023,atleast204journalistsandnewsoutletscoveringenvironmentalissueshavefacedlegalattacks.Stateactorsfiledcriminalchargesagainst93ofthem.39journalistshavebeenimprisoned,primarilyinAsiaandthePacific.Defamationlawsuitsarecommonwithatleast63

cases,predominantlyinEuropeandNorthAmerica.

?Therehavebeenatleast194journalistsattackedatenvironmentalprotestsinthepast15years,mainlyinEurope,NorthAmerica,andLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.Policeandmilitaryforcesarethemainperpetratorswith89attacks,whileprotestersaccountfor32attacks.

?UNESCOandtheInternationalFederationofJournalistsconductedasurveywith905

respondentsfrom129countries.Over70%reportedbeingsubjecttoattacks,threatsor

pressurewhilecoveringenvironmentalissues.Menreportersexperiencealltypesofattacksmorefrequentlythanwomen,exceptfordigitalaggressions.

?407respondents(45%)sai