【网络与通信英文版】TransportLayer.pptVIP

Chapter 3: Transport Layer Chapter goals: understand principles behind transport layer services: multiplexing/demultiplexing reliable data transfer flow control congestion control instantiation and implementation in the Internet Chapter Overview: transport layer services multiplexing/demultiplexing connectionless transport: UDP principles of reliable data transfer connection-oriented transport: TCP reliable transfer flow control connection management principles of congestion control TCP congestion control Transport services and protocols provide logical communication between app’ processes running on different hosts transport protocols run in end systems transport vs network layer services: network layer: data transfer between end systems transport layer: data transfer between processes relies on, enhances, network layer services Transport-layer protocols Internet transport services: reliable, in-order unicast delivery (TCP) congestion flow control connection setup unreliable (“best-effort”), unordered unicast or multicast delivery: UDP services not available: real-time bandwidth guarantees reliable multicast Multiplexing/demultiplexing Recall: segment - unit of data exchanged between transport layer entities aka TPDU: transport protocol data unit Multiplexing/demultiplexing multiplexing/demultiplexing: based on sender, receiver port numbers, IP addresses source, dest port #s in each segment recall: well-known port numbers for specific applications Multiplexing/demultiplexing: examples UDP: User Datagram Protocol [RFC 768] “no frills,” “bare bones” Internet transport protocol “best effort” service, UDP segments may be: lost delivered out of order to app connectionless: no handshaking between UDP sender, receiver each UDP segment handled independently of others Why is there a UDP? no connection establishment (which can add delay) simple: no connection state at sender, receiver small segment header no congestion control: UDP can blast away as fast as desir