【环境地质学】生态与植被.pptVIP

环境地质学Environmental Geology 主讲人：万新南教授 　　　　Prof. Wan xinnan Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 Part three　　地球表层的塑造过程 * * 环境地质学 Environmental Geology 环境地质学 Environmental Geology 6、Pre降水、江河与洪水7、Mass Wasting Processes　表层整体再塑 　　（滑坡、泥石流、溶蚀、塌陷） 8、海岸线与海岸塑造过程9、生态与植被 环境地质学 Environmental Geology 7、Mass Wasting Processes 　　　　　　　　表层整体再塑 　（地面塌陷） 环境地质学 Environmental Geology Land Subsidence The surface of the land is subsiding over wide areas near Phoenix, AZ, Houston, TX, Fresno, CA, as well as at other parts of the world such as Tokyo, Mexico City, London, and Venice. This subsidence is caused by the withdrawal of large volumes of ground water from unconsolidated sediments. Land subsidence also occurs due to the solution of soluble rocks; in some cases, this subsidence may be triggered by man. Land subsidence may also occur over mined land. 环境地质学 Environmental Geology Land Subsidence Land Subsidence Due to Withdrawal of Fluids 　　　 Subsidence due to ground-water withdrawal develops under two contrasting environments and mechanics. The most extensive occurrence is in unconsolidated to semiconsolidated sediments containing confined or semi-confined sand and gravel aquifers含水层 interbedded with clayey aquitards隔水层. Another occurrence is in soluble rocks containing caves or sinkhole deposits; a lowered water table may cause erosion of cave fill or cave collapse due to loss of buoyant support from ground water. 环境地质学 Environmental Geology Land Subsidence Mechanism Extensive land subsidence is caused by the withdrawal of fluids (e.g., ground water or petroleum) from weakly consolidated artesian承压 aquifers. The key to understanding this phenomena is the concept of aquifer elasticity. Fig9.