宾语从句.docVIP

暑期班-------宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念与位置： 所谓宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子，宾语从句紧随在主句动词、介词、间接宾语或形容词之后。 1）动词之后：He says that he can’t come tomorrow. 2)介词之后：She isn’t interested in what he is doing. 3）间接宾语之后:Can you tell me who he is? 4）形容词之后:I’m afraid he is ill. 二、宾语从句的连词 1）宾语从句为陈述句。由that引导，这时that没有词义，只起引导作用，不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。 eg. He says, “I am American.” → He says (that) he is 15years old. She said , “she wants to go home .” → She said (that) she wanted to go home. 2）宾语从句为一般疑问句时，由连词if或whether引导 eg . Has he been to Japan? Do you know?→ Do you know if/whether he has been to Japan? Can you help me? He asked me.→ He asked me if/whether I could help him. 3）宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，由连接代词或连接副词引导，这时连词有词义，且在宾语从句中充当句子成分，常见的连接代词有：what, who, whom, whose, which;连接副词有:when, where, how, why, how many, how much, how old, how long etc. eg. What are they doing? Can you tell us?→ Can you tell us what they are doing?（在宾语从句中作宾语） Whose pencil is this? We don’t know → We don’t know whose pencil this is.（whose在宾语从句中作pencil的定语并与pencil一起作表语） Who was the tallest in our class? She asked. → She asked who was the tallest in our class.（作主语） When does the train arrive? We don’t know.→ We don’t know when the train arrives.（作时间状语） How can I get to the post office? Please tell me→ Please tell me how I can get to the post office. （作方式状语） How old is she? Do you know?→ Do you know how old she is?（作表语) 三、宾语从句的语序 陈述句语序：主句+连接词+陈述句语序的句子 宾语从句 四、宾语从句的时态：和主句一致 1、当主句为现在时态时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，可用所需的任何时态，如： Lily has gone to Beijing. I hear (that) Jim arrived two days ago. She will go there by plane. 2、当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制，一般只能用表示过去的某种时态，即： 一般现在时～一般过去时 一般过去时～过去完成时 现在进行时～过去进行时 一般将来时～过去将来时 现在完成时～过去完成时 过去进行时～过去进行时 过去完成时～过去完成时 1) She said,“We hope so.” → She said（that）” → Jean said he would go to see his friend. 3) She said, “I told her the news yesterday.” → She said she had told her the news the day before. 3. 比较： 1)He says, “I am 15years old.” → He says (that) he is 15years old. He said, “I am 15years old.”　 → He said (that)