英语词汇学(第八讲).pptVIP

English Lexicology The Idiomatic Aspect of English Word Combination I. Chunks in English Definition In linguistics, a chunk is a unit of language that forms a syntactic or semantic unit but also has its internal structure. Specifically, it refers to a unit of language longer than a word (though often shorter than a sentence) and it plays a facilitative role in comprehension and production. Example: A: When did you leave the party? B: I got out of there as soon as they ran out of food. A few chunks sentential How do you do? The majority lexical in kind and phrasal in form Lexical chunks, also calld lexical phrases There are two subtypes of lexical chunks, notably collocations and idioms. Collocations in English Collocation is the way in which words are used together. Collocations are the words that tend to co-occur in a language---in grammatical patterns, compounds or fixed phrases. Example: II. English Idioms 1.Definition An idiom is a fixed group of words or a single word, or even a sentence, with a special meaning that cannot be guessed from its structure. An idiom is a multi-word expression which functions as a single unit and whose meaning cannot be worked out from the sum of its separate parts. That is, it has a holistic meaning which cannot be retrieved from the individual meanings of the component words. to spill the beans Idioms and free phrases blue sky, blue jacket blue moon I haven’t seen you in a blue moon. 我很久没见到你了。 We get up early yesterday. The students will get up an English evening next month. →arrange; perform 2. The features of English idioms 1) Very short or rather long An Indian summer 小阳春 Forty winks 白天小睡 All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的宴席 2) Take different structures A. irregular and illogical structure I am good friends with him. Diamond cut diamond. The devil take the hindmost. (irregular meaning, clear meaning) B.regular structure, unclear meaning To have a bee in one’s bonnet [head] →to have a strange fixed idea ab