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非谓语动词讲义.doc

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非谓语动词讲义 概述 非谓语动词:动词不定式to do, 动名词ing, 分词(现在分词和过去分词) 作用:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等) 使用条件 一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. 句子成分划分 The teachers(主语) sitting there(定语) are (连系动词)from other schools(表语). We(主语) saw(谓语) some teachers(宾语) sitting there.(宾语补足语) We(主语) need(谓语) to be active in class(宾语). 动词不定式 ⑴ 作主语: 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数;往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。 It took us two hours to finish the job. = To finish the job took us two hours. It is impossible for us to get there on time. 注意:当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。 It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错) To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对) ⑵ 作宾语: 动词+不定式 He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语) 注意:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等。 特殊疑问句+不定式 I don’t know what to do. I can’t decide when to go there. 注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。 I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 作宾语补足语: 动词+宾语+不定式 He warned me to be careful. I want you to speak to Tom. 注意:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage等。 在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。 They saw the boy fall off the tree The boy was seen to fall off the tree. ⑷ 作定语: 不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后(后置定语)。 I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系) He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系) He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系) He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系) 注意:①不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动 Do you have anything else to say? ②如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词 I need a pen to write with. ⑸ 作状语: 表示目的、结果、原因等 ①做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)…

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