高等流体力学 讲义Chap02.pdf

Chapter 02: Integral Analysis 1. Lagrangian and Eulerian Perspectives 2. The Reynolds’ Transport Theorem 3. Conservation of Mass 4. The Linear Momentum Equation 5. The Angular Momentum Equation 6. Basic Thermodynamic Definitions 7. Discussion of Energy, Work, and Heat 8. Conservation of Energy 9. The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics C. Wassgren 1 Last Updated: 11 Aug 2003 1. Lagrangian and Eulerian Perspectives There are two common ways to study a moving fluid: 1. Look at a particular location and observe how all the fluid passing that location behaves. This is called the Eulerian point of view. 2. Look at a particular piece of fluid and observe how it behaves as it moves. This is called the Lagrangian point of view. Example : Let’s say we want to study migrating birds. We could either: 1. stand in a fixed spot and make measurements as birds fly by Eulerian point of view , or bird 2. tag some of the birds and make measurements as they fly along Lagrangian point of view . radio transmitter Lagrangian aka Material, Substantial Derivative If we follow a piece of fluid Lagrangian viewpoint , how will some property of that particular piece of fluid change with respect to time? same piece of fluid piece of fluid time: t0+δt time: t0