基于单片机控制的直流电机调速系统.doc

单片机电机测试系统的研制 ——电机控制板设计 院 系： 专 业 班： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 2012年5月 单片机电机测试系统的研制 ——电机控制板的设计 The Development of Motor Test System Based on MCU ——The Design of Motor Control Board 摘 要 转速是直流电机运行中的一个重要物理量，如何准确、快速测量出电机转速，并且实现对电机的调速在实际工作中具有非常大的使用价值。直流电机具有良好的启动性能和调速特性，它的特点是启动转矩大，能在宽广的范围内平滑、经济地调速，转速控制容易，调速后效率很高。本文设计的直流电机调速系统，主要由51单片机、电源、H桥驱动电路、LED液晶显示器、霍尔测速电路以及独立按键组成的电子产品。电源采用78系列芯片实现+5V、+15V对电机的调速采用PWM波方式，PWM是脉冲宽度调制，通过51单片机改变占空比实现。通过独立按键实现对电机的启停、调速、转向的人工控制，LED实现对测量数据（速度）的显示。电机转速利用霍尔传感器检测输出方波，通过51单片机对1秒内的方波脉冲个数进行计数，计算出电机的速度，实现了直流电机的反馈控制。 关键词：直流电机调速 51单片机 PWM控制 Abstract Speed is an important physical quantities in the running DC motor , how to accurately and quickly measure the motor speed and has a very large value in use in practical work on the motor speed control. DC motor has a good startup performance and speed characteristics, it is characterized by starting torque, maximum torque, in a wide range of smooth, economical speed, speed, easy control, speed control after the high efficiency. This design of DC motor speed control system, mainly by the microcontroller 51, power supply, H-bridge driver circuits, LED liquid crystal display, the Hall velocity and independent key component circuits of electronic products. Power supply with 78 series chip +5 V, +15 V for motor speed control using PWM wave mode, PWM is a pulse width modulation, duty cycle by changing the MCU 51. Achieved through 3independent buttons start and stop the motor, speed control, turning the manual control, LED realize the measurement data speed of the display. Motor speed using Hall sensor output square wave, by 51 seconds to 1 microcontroller square wave pulses are counted to calculate the speed of the motor to achieve a DC motor feedback control. Keywords：DC motor speed control MCU51 PWM control 目 录 摘要………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract………………………………………………………………………………… II 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1 直流调速系统简介……………………………………………………………………2 1.1 直流调速系统发展概况…………………