数字图像处理论文--基于Matlab的图像边缘检测技术.doc

摘要 边缘检测技术对于处理数字图像非常重要，因为边缘是所要提取目标和背景的边界线，提取出边缘才能将目标和背景区分开来。在图像中，边界所分开区域的内部特征或属性是一致的，而不同区域内部的特征或属性是一致的，而不同区域内部的特征或属性是不同的，边缘的检测正是利用物体和背景在某种图像差异来实现的，这些差异包括灰度、颜色或纹理特征。边缘检测实际上就是检测图像特性发生变化的位置。 本文主要阐述基于Matlab的图像边缘检测技术。论述以Matlab为开发平台和编程语言，设计出图像边缘检测软件。首先设计了图形用户界面GUIDE,作为图像边缘检测软件的主界面,然后比较了各种图像边缘检测算子的特点,结合人像图,文字图，分形图来说明这些算子的定位性；结合加噪图片来说明各算子的稳定性。在图形用户界面中添加了与各种算子相对应的处理程序,以及图形文件的获取、保存等功能，完成了图像边缘检测软件。最终的图形界面可实现打开图片并对其进行边缘处理，并可将处理好的图片保存。 本论文的安排组织如下：第一章主要介绍图像边缘处理的意义。第二章主要介绍本论文软件平台的选择。第三章主要介绍一些常用边缘算子的原理。第四章 通过实例分析了各种算子的优缺点，借助Matlab中的GUI设计了图像边缘检测界面，并在GUI界面中完成了对各种算子的调用，最终完成了基于MATLAB的图形化图像边缘检测软件。 关键词：图像边缘处理 MATLAB GUI Log算子 Canny算子 Abstract Edge detection technique for processing digital images is important because the edge is extracted by the target and the background to the boundary line, extract the edge of the target and background can be distinguished. In the image, separated by the border regions of the internal characteristics or attributes are the same, but different characteristics or attributes within the region are the same, but different characteristics within the region or property is different, edge detection is the use of object and background images in some kind of difference to achieve, these differences include grayscale, color or texture features. Detection of edge detection is actually the location of the image characteristics to change. This article discusses the Matlab-based image edge detection. Discussed in Matlab as the development platform and programming language, designed edge detection software. First, the design of the graphical user interface GUIDE, edge detection software as the main interface, then compare a variety of edge detection operator, combining the portrait maps, text maps, fractal images to illustrate the positioning of these operators; combined increase noise images to illustrate the stability of the operator. Add in the graphical user interface with a variety of operators corresponding to the processing procedures, and graphics file