毕业论文--基于单片机模煳控制的智能交通灯设计.docVIP

摘 要 随着经济的发展，城市现代化程度不断提高，交通需求和交通量迅速增长，城市交通网络中交通拥挤日益严重，道路运输所带来的交通拥堵、交通事故和环境污染等负面效应也日益突出，逐步成为经济和社会发展中的全球性共同问题。 本系统采用MSC-51系列单片机和可编程并行I/O接口芯片8255A为中心器件来设计交通灯控制器，进行交通路口的管理。它用简单的硬件电路模拟交通信号灯的交替变换，实现红绿灯循环点亮，用LED数码管作为倒计时指示。本次设计中增加了车流量检测电路，运用模糊控制算法来自动调整红绿灯时间，实时的控制当前交通灯时间使LED显示器进行倒计时工作并与状态灯保持同步，在保持交通安全的同时最大限度的提高交通能顺畅交替运行，大大提高交通运输的运行效率，还可以减少交通事故，节省能源消耗，具有巨大的现实意义。 关键词：路口管理； 模糊控制； 51单片机；车流量检测; 交通灯 ABSTRACT With the development of economy and the improvement of urban modernization level, the demand of traffic and the number of cars have been growing rapidly. As the traffic congestion, traffic accidents and environment pollution has become more obvious, that, it has become the global economic and social problem. This system uses MSC-51 series microcontroller and 8255A to design the traffic controller to manage the traffic road. It uses simple hardware circuit to simulate the alternative transformation of the traffic lights and to realize the circular illumination of the lights. We use the LED as the countdown instructions. In this project, we add the traffic detection circuit, which uses the fuzzy control algorithm to change the time of the traffic lights automatically to control the traffic lights time. This design can make sure that the LED keeps the pace with the state lamp. What is more, while it can keep the traffic safe, at the same time, it can make the traffic running smoothly, operation efficient, and also can reduce the number of traffic accidents, save energy consumption. Above all, this system has great realistic signification. Keywords: Intersection management; Fuzzy logic control; MCU51; traffic detection ; Traffic light 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 交通灯研究的背景和意义 1 1.2 国内外交通灯研究的发展概况 1 2 系统的总体方案设计与分析 3 2.1 交通灯总体设计的描述 3 2.2 交通灯控制系统的工作原理 4 2.2.1 十字路口调度系统模糊控制器的设计 4 2.2.2 路口管理系统模糊控制器 5 2.2.3 十字路口车辆通行模式 8 2.2.4 交通灯的工作原理 8 3 系统硬件电路设计 9 3.1 单片机最小系统外围电路 9 3.1.1 AT89S51芯片内部结构 9 3.1.2 AT89S51单片机主要引脚功能 10 3.1.3 看门狗电路 13 3.1.4 8255A芯片简介 13 3.1.5 74LS373简介 14 3.2 显示电路 15 3.2.1 时间显示电