专业英语期中课程作业.docVIP

湛江师范学院2012-2013年度第2学期 专业英语期中考核课程作业 考核要求： 将下列节选的英文文章翻译成中文； 要求译文首先要忠于原文，即专业术语要翻译准确，否则会被适当扣分； 译文在符合原意的基础上要保证通顺，符合中文的语言习惯，否则会被适当扣分。 评分标准： 90-100分：几乎所有专业术语翻译准确，译文语句忠于原文且完全通顺。 80-89分：大多数专业术语翻译准确，译文语句忠于原文且大多通顺。 70-79分：部分专业术语翻译基本准确，译文语句基本通顺。 60-69分：很多专业术语翻译不准确或者漏翻译，译文语句基本通顺。 0-60分：几乎所有专业术语翻译都不正确，语句不通顺，或者内容有雷同。 提交要求： 统一用A4纸手写译文，标明姓名、班级、学号，以班级为单位提交。 The Exponential Function This is the most important function in mathematics. It is defined, for every complex number z, by the formula . (1) The series (1) converges absolutely, for every z and converges uniformly on every bounded subset of the complex plane. Thus exp is a continuous function. The absolute convergence of (1) shows that the computation is correct. It gives the important addition formula (2) valid for all complex numbers a and b. We define the number e to be exp(1), and shall usually replace exp(z) by the customary shorter expression ex. Note that e0=exp(0)=1, by (1). Theorem (a) For every complex z we have ex ≠0; (b) exp is its own derivative: ; (c) The restriction of exp to the real axis is a monotonically increasing positive function, and ; (d) There exists a positive number such that and such that if and only if is an integer; (e) exp is a periodic function, with period ; (f) The mapping maps the real axis onto the unit circle; (g) If w is a complex number and w≠0, then w=ez for some z. Proof By (2), . This implies (a). Next, The first of the above equalities is a matter of definition, the second follows from (2), and the third from (1), and (b) is proved. That exp is monotonically increasing on the positive real axis, and that , is clear from (1). The other assertions of (c) are consequences of . For any real number t, (1) shows that is the complex conjugate of . Thus , or (t real). (3) In other words, if t is real, lies on the unit circle. We define cos t, sin t to be the real and imaginary parts of : cos t=Re[], sin t=Im[] (t real). (4) If we differentiate