基于单片机控制监控电阻炉温设计-本科毕业设计.doc

摘　要 随着社会的发展，单片机因其高可靠性和高性价比，在工业控制系统、 智能化仪器仪表和智能接口等诸多领域内得到了极为广泛的应用。本文介绍的是以PC机为控制核心的炉炉温控制系统的设计。介绍了电阻炉的工作原理及常规测温的方法；介绍了PC机在温度控制中对数据的采集、处理的相关知识；分析了系统的软、硬件结构及工作原理；基于单片机控制的电阻炉温度控制系统是一种智能型控制系统。该系统由89C51单片机及其复位电路，晶振电路，总线收发电路，译码电路，温度传感器与系数接口，显示电路，存储器及接口电路组成控制器，以温度为被控制量的闭环控制系统，适用于大功率的电阻锅炉。一种基于单片机的大动态范围、温度传感器的设计研制，将被测温度信号由模拟量转换为数字量，利用单片机系统达到高精度的要求，整个系统有非线性校正、LED显示和键盘输入等功能。 【关键词】 单片机 电阻炉 PID算法 温度测量与控制 Abstract: With the development of society, Single-Chip Microcomputer gains wide applications in industry control system, intelligent interface, intelligent instruments and office automation system so on, for its higher reliability and cost performance. In this papers, the temperature control system of electric stove is a intelligent control system。The control system includes the 89C51single chip microprocessor and Circuits of restituting position，circuits of exportation and importation, Circuits of translation code, transmission and induction system of temperature, the interface of coefficient, circuits of showing, stashing equipment and circuits of interface. The temperature is the controlled variable and a closed loop system is constructed. The designed system is available for automatic equipment of electricity and caloric. A design and research that make mensurated signal from simulation to digital amount, which transmission and induction system of temperature, can reach to the request of accuracy with the Single Chip microprocessor. The System include un-linear correction, compensation about temperature many points. Some function of LED showing and keyboard input. Keywords: Single-chip microcomputer Resistance fumace Algorithm-PID Temperature survey and contol  目　录 前 言 1 1系统概述 2 1.1 AT89C51单片机性能介绍 2 1.2 传感器简介 3 1.3 热处理设备的分类 4 1.4 系统的组成 4 1.5 温度控制的工艺要求 5 2 系统总体方案设计 6 2.1 确定系统任务 6 2.2 系统组成与工作原理 6 2.3　电阻炉的数学模型及炉温控制要求 7 3 硬件设计 8 3.1 主机电路的设计 8 3.2 电源部分的设计 8 3.3 温度检测以及补偿放大电路 9 3.4 A/D转换电路 11 3.5 过零检测电路设计 13 3.6 晶闸管触发电路设计 14 3.7 声光报警电路设计 16 3.8 LED动态扫描显示电路 17 3.9 键盘设置电路 19 4