从政府问责到社会问责 中国高校问责制的内涵, 类型与变革.docVIP

从政府问责到社会问责： 中国高校问责制的内涵、类型与变革 周湘林 摘要：高校问责是在高校与其利益相关者的不同关系状态下，双方就一定的责任事由进行质询与回应的过程，其目的是通过奖惩等措施使高校满足利益相关者的利益诉求并且改进自身工作、提升教育质量与服务的品质。世界范围的问责制改革包含韦伯式科层制改革、市场化改革、独立问责机构和社会问责四种形式，其中，社会问责是问责制发展新的有效形式。目前，本科教学评估这种中国高校问责制采取的是一种政府机制，社会基本不参与。设计公众参与机制，建立高校社会问责制，通过社会问责来加强政府对高校问责，应是中国高校问责制的改革趋向。 关键词：高校问责制；社会问责；公众参与；本科教学评估 中图分类号： 文献标识码： 文章编号： From the government accountability to social accountability： connotation and types and change of Chinese university accountability ZHOU Xiang-lin (School of Education ,Huazhong University of Science ＆Technology ,Wuhan 430074 ,China) Abstract: University accountability is the question and response process between university and its various stakeholders under a certain degree of responsibility of both sides, and its purpose is to enable colleges and universities through incentives and other measures to meet the demands of the interests of stakeholders and to improve their work and improve education quality and service quality. World-wide accountability system reform with Webers bureaucratic system reform, market-oriented reform, independent accountability institutions and social accountability of four kinds of forms, in which the accountability system of social accountability is the development of new effective forms.At present,as a Chinese university accountability system, the undergraduate teaching level evaluation adopted by government mechanism, basically hadnt public participation. Designing of public participation mechanism, establishing university social accountability system, through social accountability to strengthen the accountability of government to colleges and universities,should be the tendency of the reform of Chinese university accountability system. Key words：university accountability system; social accountability; public participation; the undergraduate teaching level evaluation 问责制发轫于西方在行政领域对政府官员的责任追究。目前，从世界范围来看，政治领域的行政问责制、经济领域的公司问责制、社会领域的NGO问责制等在理论与实践上都已比较成熟。问责制在教育领域、特别是高等教育领域的应用也于20世纪中后期在英美等国开始流行起来，其制度也臻于完善。随着社会环境及