【备考2013】广东省深圳市中考英语主谓一致课件.pptVIP

主 谓 一 致 概念: 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致三原则 语法一致原则： 指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式. Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground. 意义一致原则： 指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记. 指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 就近一致原则： 指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致. Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 提 示：一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法. 名词作主语 1. 单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词作主语，谓语用复数形式。 The desk is Tom’s. Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. 2. 某些集体名词，如family, team, club， class，public， group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a happy one.?? The whole family are watching TV.?? 3. 某些集体名词，如people, police, clothes等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必 须用复数。 The police are searching for the thief.? 4. 单、复数同形的名词如 sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese 主语时，谓 语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep is over there.?? Some sheep are over there.?? 5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。 The doctor’s is across the street.?? My uncle’s is not far from here.?? 常见的省略名词有：the baker’s（面包房）, the barber’s（理发店）, the Zhang’s（张家）等。 注: the ＋姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。 The Greens are having breakfast now. 6. 表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。 The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table. 但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 A pair of shoes was under the desk.? Two pairs of shoes were under the desk. 7．当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 The United States lies in North America. 8．news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数. No news is good news.  Maths is very popular