高中英语 Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage-Period 3练习 外研版选修7.docVIP

Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage Period 3 Grammar -- Subjunctive ■Goals To master the usage of the subjunctive mood To consolidate by practising ■Procedures Step 1: Subjunctive 1. 虚拟语气 英语中动词一般有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气，不同的语气用不同的形式来表示。 ?陈述语气：用来陈述事实，描述状态，有肯定，否定，疑问，或感叹等形式。 如：People don’t hibernate./Are you listening to the radio？ 祈使语气：用来表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等。 如：Sit down, please./ Let me have a try. 虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设，一般用于正式的书面语。 ?2. 虚拟语气的用法： 1）虚拟语气在条件句中的用法: 1表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词的主要形式如下:? 非真实条件句 主句 动词的过去式 （ be的过去式用were ） would{should, could, might} +动词原形 We would go with you if we had time. If I were you, I would consider their plan. If I knew this telephone number, I would ring him up. ?注意: should 多用于第一人称后。在非正式场合中，特别是在口语中，第一、二人称中单数现在用was的也不少。 If he was here, we could ask him. ?2表示和过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： 非真实条件句 主句 had+过去分词 would{should, could, might} +have done If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If you had come earlier, you might have met him. If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake. You wouldn’t have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes. 3表示和将来事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： ? 非真实条件句 主句 should /were to+ 动词原形 动词的过去时 would{should, could, might} +动词原形 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn’t go out. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. If he got there this afternoon, he would buy a map of the city. If I should be asked/were asked /were to be asked to go, I’d certainly go. ?特别注意： 1. 如非真实条件句的谓语含有系动词were或助动词had或should等词，可将if省 略，而把were，had或should 放在主语之前，变为虚拟倒装句，这和带有if的虚拟条件从句所表示的含义完全相同。 If I were you, I would get up early every morning. → Were I you, I would get up early every morning. Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train. Should there be a flood, what should we do? Were they here now, they could help us. 2. if 虚拟句的省略。 Given en