我国钢铁业市场结构、企业规模与企业效率关系研究.pdfVIP

摘要 钢铁产业是我国国民经济的基础性和战略性产业，其效率的改进对于钢铁产业本身和 国民经济稳定与发展具有重要作用。有研究认为，我国钢铁行业市场集中度过低，钢铁企 业规模太小，未能实现规模经济，不利于企业效率的提高；另外一些研究得出相反结论， 认为我国钢铁企业存在规模不经济特征，企业效率并非由市场结构决定。 关于市场结构和经济绩效之间的关系，概括起来主要有市场力量假说和效率结构假 说。不同的假说意味着不同的政策含义。确定我国钢铁行业规模效率特征和市场结构与企 业效率的关系是实施正确产业政策的基础，具有重要意义。 为此本文首先采用数据包络方法（DEA ）测量和分析钢铁企业技术效率、纯技术效率 和规模效率，随后从企业的角度系统的分析钢铁行业市场结构、企业规模与企业效率之间 的关系，得出的结论是我国主要钢铁企业存在规模不经济特征，大企业相对小企业没有效 率优势；市场力量假说和效率结构假说在我国钢铁业市场均不成立。企业加强管理，提高 管理效率和改进生产技术是提高效率的途径。生产效率的提高有助于企业获取更高的绩效 和市场份额。 关键字： 规模经济 市场结构 效率 DEA 方法 I Abstract The iron and steel industry is a fundamental strategic industry in China. The improvement of efficiency and performance of which plays an important role to the stability and development of the steel industry itself and the national economy. Some studies indicate that the industry concentration ratio is too low and the scale of firms is too small which is bad for the improvement of efficiency, but others has the opposite opinions that China steel industry has the characteristic of diseconomy of scale and there is not an obvious relation between efficiency and market structure. It is important to make clear whether the steel industry has the characteristic of scale economy or diseconomy of scale and the relation between efficiency and market structure which is the foundation of making reasonable industrial policy. On the relationship of market structure and performance, there are plenty of studies on this topic either abroad or domestic. Most of them can be summarized into two theories ： market power hypothesis and efficiency structure hypotheses. Different theories bring forward different policy orientation. It is important to make clear whether the iron and steel industry has the characteristic