国家劳工关系委员会的形成与劳动政策管理：利用经济和超低功耗的证据裁定罢工外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文： The Formation and Administration of Labor Policy by the NLRB: Evidence From Economic and ULP Strike Rulings Despite the National Labor Relations Boards vital role in the formation and administration of national labor policy, there have been only a few empirical assessments of the Boards public policy functions. Even so, the Board has been severely criticized by employers, unions, politicians, and academics. Electromation (1992), a decision that limited the use of nonunion work teams, caused a hailstorm of employer and Republican criticism, and the recent push to obtain injunctions in unfair labor practice (ULP) cases provoked similar outcries. In 1999, the Boards pro-union ruling in Boston Medical Center renewed employers concerns. In clear contrast, the Donald Dotson Board, appointed by President Ronald Reagan, elicited harsh protests by unions and many academics prompted by its reversal of important precedents. In each case -- whether the decision permitted employer propaganda in union representation elections(Midland National Life Insurance, 1982), or narrowed the meaning of concerted activity (Mevers Industries, 1984), or allowed employer hiring of replacements after locking out employees who reject a contract offer (Harter Equipment, 1986) -- critics blamed the Board for tilting the playing field in favor of employers. These typical appraisals of NLRB policy making and administration, however, may be flawed in both method and substance. They tend to be subjective, focus on atypical Board actions or decisions, and make sweeping conclusions. A rare empirical study of Board decision making (Cook et al., 1995) reached a different conclusion: [I]n the large majority of cases, the legal criteria for deciding disputes and the factual circumstances surrounding disputes apparently are clear-cut, leaving little or no room for members to be influenced by factors other than the law or precedent (p. 255). In most NLRB cases, the members party affiliation played no