口腔材料重点.docVIP

第一章 总论 之 材料的性能 一、物理性能 （一）尺寸变化dimensional change In the mouth environment or in the process of making the restoration（修复体），the restoring materials、filling materials and the assistant materials will have various extents of shape changing under the effect of different physical or chemical factors. （单位：1） direct measuring length indirect measuring optics（光学），electrics （二）线胀系数linear expansion coefficient 体胀系数 cubic expansion coefficient The length or the volume changes along with the temperature （单位：K-1） （三）热导率 thermal conductivity λ To scale the material’s heat conducting ability (单位：W/(m·K)） （四）流电性 galvanism In the mouth environment, when different metal restorations contact with each other, they will create current due to their different electric potential. （五）表面张力 surface tension The molecules on the surface of the liquid are always pulled by the molecules inside, as a result, the superficial area of the liquid has the trend to get smaller. We call this force surface tension. （单位：N/m） 润湿性 wettability The liquid has the tendency to expand on the solid. （六）色彩性 色调 hue the name of the color and the characteristics for telling apart the colors 彩度 chroma the purity of the color 明度 value reflection of the light 二、机械性能 （一）应力 stress The forces at all directions inside the object σ=F/S （单N/m） （二）应变 strain To describe the changing of the object’s form under the stress ε=△L/L0 （三）应力-应变曲线 stress strain curves P：proportional limit 比例极限 The stress and the strain have direct proportion E：plastic limit 弹性极限 The maximum the material can bear when it has no deformation set 弹性模量 modulus of elasticity In the state of elasticity, the ratio of the stress and the strain E=σE / εE YY’：yield strength 屈服强度 The material lose the ability to resist the deformation