2015年电工学原理及应用(Electrical_Engineering)经典双语详.pptVIP

4.Transients 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Initial state and steady state 4.3 First-order RC Circuits 4.4 First-order RL Circuits The curves versus time The initial slop intersects the final value at one time constant. Mounting curve Decaying curve Time constant reflects the length of transient period. The solution of differential equation ——Time constant ——Steady state value ——Initial value First-order RC Circuits Solution of other parameters Three elements method Three elements: 1.steady state value f(∞); 2.time constant τ; 3. initial value f(0+). Formula of Three element method： f(∞)——steady state value τ——time constant f(0+)——initial value τ=RC ——time constant of RC circuit τ= ？？ ——time constant of RL circuit Three elements method 解： 用三要素法求解 电路如图，t=0时合上开关S，合S前电路已处于 稳态。试求电容电压 和电流 。 (1)确定初始值 由t=0-电路可求得 由换路定则 Application Example t=0-等效电路 9mA + - 6k? R S 9mA 6k? 2?F 3k? t=0 + - C R (2) 确定稳态值 由换路后电路求稳态值 (3) 由换路后电路求 时间常数 ? t?∞ 电路 9mA + - 6k? R 3k? t=0-等效电路 9mA + - 6k? R R0的计算类似于戴维宁等效电阻。即从储能元件两端看进去的等效电阻。 三要素 uC 的变化曲线如图 18V 54V uC变化曲线 t O 4.4 First-order RL Circuits Time constant τ=RC τ=L/R R U L uL iL + - R U C uC iC + - 4.4 First-order RL Circuits Three element method Initial value: t=0-→t=0+ f(0+) Steady state value: t =∞ f(∞) Time constant : τ=RC τ=L/R Substituting three elements Draw the curve versus time Steps Limited Condition: 1) first-order circuit 2) DC source Example 4.2 Find voltage of v(t) and current i(t) in this circuit for t0. Answer: i(0)=0,i(∞)=2A V(0)=100,V(∞)=0 Example 4.3 Find voltage of v(t) and current i(t) in this circuit for t0. Answer: i(0)=Vs/R1, i(∞)=0A V(0)=Ldi/dt,V(∞)=0 Exercise 4.4 Find voltage of v(t) and current iR(t) , iL(t) in this circuit for t0, assume that iL(0)=0. Answer: iL(0)=0,iL(∞)=2A; iR(0)=2,iR(∞)=0A; V(0)=20,V(∞)=0 Exercise 4.5 Find voltage of v(t) and current i(t), v(t) in this circuit for t0, assume that the switch has been closed for a very long time prior to t=0. Answer: Homework P4.9