英汉语言差异的概略比较(讲座版).pptVIP

英汉语言差异的概略比较 李 玫 meilikm@ 《静夜思》李白 “床前明月光， 疑是地上霜； 举头望明月， 低头思故乡。” 字的翻译 “思” “疑” “举头” “低头” 初试牛刀 Quiet Night Thoughts Bright moonlight in front of the bed Thought was frost on the ground Raised the head to look at the bright moon Lowered the head and thought of hometown 句子的翻译 补充主语 补充谓语 补充连接词 补充介词 二试牛刀 My Thoughts on a Quiet Night The bright moonlight was in front of the bed, which I thought frost on the ground. I raised my head to look at the bright moon, lowered my head and then thought of my hometown. 英汉语言差异之一：句子结构 汉语：意合语言，“流水句法”。 喜用人称开头，省略主语，常用无主句型。 动词没有时态变化。 喜用“的”结构广泛连接修饰与被修饰成分，介词选择少，较模糊。 少用连接词。 英语：形合语言，“竹节句法”。 主谓结构通常须完整。 16种动词时态变化。 大量介宾短语担任修饰成分。“of”结构表示所属关系，用途狭小。 大量使用连接词，表示句子之间逻辑关系。 疑惑？ 李白在哪？ 月光为什么让李白认为是霜呢？ 句义的补充 补充地点状语 补充暗含的逻辑关系 三试牛刀 My Thoughts on a Quiet Night When I sat alone by the window in a guest room, the bright moonlight was in front of the bed, which I thought as white and cold as frost on the ground. I raised my head to look at the bright moon, lowered my head and then thought of my hometown. 英汉语言差异之二：思维方式 汉语：“诗歌式”，螺旋式思维 语境很重要性，超过了句子本身表达的意思。 不直接表明意思而是“绕弯子”，注重意会。 英语：“散文式”，直线式思维 句子、段落很重要，前后必须承接，逻辑关系清晰。 喜欢直截了当表明意思，注重言传。 再惑？ 李白为什么要看月亮？ 李白看完月亮后，为什么低头就想家乡？ 英汉语言差异之三：文化背景 中国文化 月亮只有一个，代表了家乡。 游子想家时看月亮。 月圆意味着家人团圆。 四试牛刀 My Thoughts on a Quiet Night When I sat alone by the window in a guest room, the bright moonlight was in front of the bed, which I thought as white and cold as frost on the ground. I raised my head to look at the bright moon, the same one shining my hometown, lowered my head and then thought of my hometown. 词汇的精准 My Thoughts on a Quiet Night When I sat alone by the window in a guest room, the bright moonlight was in front of the bed, which I thought as white and cold as frost on the ground. I raised my head to look at the bright moon, the same one shining my hometown, lowered my head and then thought of my hometown. 英汉语言差异之四：词汇 英语 丰富多彩、灵活多变的词组或短语 某些词的含义并不完全与汉语对等 许多词常常一词多义，分别与汉语中几个不同的词或词组相对应 A Tranquil Night When I sat alon