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In 1863, two Ballarat men, Walker and Braddoch, started the Union Foundry which made retorts for the local Gas Company, machinery for The Ballarat Meat Preserving Company, and heavy castings for sugar mills in Queensland. Business in Queensland was evidently extensive and expanding and finally Walker left the Union Foundry to establish the now well-known John Walker Co. Ltd. of Maryborough, a foundry closely associated with the growth of the sugar industry in that State. Around the mid century, there was considerable expansion in agriculture with both wheat and wool becoming important overseas trade commodities. Ballarat in Victoria was a natural centre for manufacture and repair of agricultural machinery, eliminating the long, costly overland haul from Melbourne or Geelong as the rail connection had not yet been completed. Wool presses were much in demand at the time and their designs evolved rapidly and included many unique features that greatly stimulated competition. The rack wool press was first demonstrated in Melbourne in 1865. In 1861, foundries such as Victoria, Vulcan and Western were all producing stripping and reaping machines. John Tynams Victoria Agricultural Implement Factory began making ploughs in 1857 and these were to become famous throughout the district. The same company is credited with producing the first drilling tools suitable for use in basalt quartz-load gold mining. By 1868, Gibbs was producing binders, chaff cutters, reapers and threshers. The Australian gold rush of 1851 changed the country from a backwards penal colony into a formidable industrial and agricultural leader. The impact of Gold Rush on the diversity of Australian population; In the early years of the gold rush, NSW and Victoria were the gold mining centres and attracted thousands of hopeful diggers. By 1851 the total number of people in Victoria was 75,000 people. Ten years later this rose to over 500,000. Melbourne was founded in 1835. The population of Melbourn