第一章 有限元基础1.pptVIP

1 1.1 INTRODUCTION The inverse matrix does not exist, since the determinant of the element stiffness matrix is identically zero. * Chapter 1 Spring and Bar Elements A piece of spring, as a spring element A bar element: The bar elements used for trusses. The finite element method (FEM) is a computational technique. Finite elements: (1) Spring element --- a linearly elastic spring (2) Bar element --- an elastic tension-compression member the stiffness matrix contains the geometric and material behavior information the stiffness matrix indicates the resistance of the element to deformation when subjected to loading. Finite element analysis is based on the mathematic/physical principles. ■ For simple elements, we utilize the principle of static equilibrium, ■ For more complicated structural systems, we apply the first theorem of Castigliano and the principle of minimum potential energy. 1.2 LINEAR SPRING AS A FINITE ELEMENT Figure 1.1 Linear spring element with nodes, nodal displacements, and nodal forces. (b) Load-deflection curve. nodal displacements nodal forces nodes the elongation or contraction of the spring is directly proportional to the applied axial load. The constant of proportionality between deformation and load is referred to as the spring constant , or spring stiffness, denoted as k, and has units of force per unit length. A linear relationship Constant, spring stiffness Two big steps: 1. element analysis 2. global analysis As an elastic spring supports axial loading only ,