2013届高考英语总复习精析考点课件： 第一部分 专题讲座（人教版必修五）.pptVIP

(4) 上下文暗示法 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。因此，我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而猜测词义。这是近年来高考考查的热点。 (5) 经验常识法 利用考生自身的生活经验及科学常识对生词进行分析和推断。 二、阅读理解之主旨大意题 主旨大意题是阅读理解中要求高、难度大的题型之一，是一种很能体现试题区分度的题型，一般占整个阅读理解题的10%左右。主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。它可以是对文章或段 落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想，段中有主题句展开段落中心。但有些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在归纳文章中心、明确作者意图的基础上来概括文章的主旨。 主旨大意题常见的提问方式有： What is the main idea of the passage? What is the main subject of this passage? What is the main topic of this passage? What does the passage mainly discuss? The best title for this passage would be/might be/is ________. What might be the best title of this passage? The most suitable title of the passage is ________. Which is the best suggested title? 常用的掌握大意的方法： 1．抓主题句归纳大意。说明文、议论文、新闻报道、科 技文献等文章的主题大意通常出现在文章第一段，抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的中心。有时主题句也会出现在文章的中间或结尾。因此仔细阅读这类文章的首尾句是关键。 2．归纳分析抓大意。有些文章如记叙文、夹叙夹议文通常 是先摆出事实，然后或记叙或论证，最后得出结论，即文章的主题。 3．抓住高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕一个主题展开的， 因此文章中会反复出现一个中心词，即高频词，抓住了它，也就抓住了文章的中心。 (2011·安徽高考，D篇)Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country. In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851. For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving