2013山东省高密市教科院高三高考英语复习学案：《完型填空之说明文》.docVIP

专题导读 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实物性说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（实物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）；二是事理性说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。 具体特点为： 1. 开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。 2. 结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序（指先后顺序），空间顺序（从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外），逻辑顺序（前因后果、先果后因、先主后次），认识顺序（由此及彼、由浅入深、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质）。 说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。 真题典例 ［2010·安徽卷］ Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often，people buy a pen based only on __2__，and wonder why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However，buying a pen that youll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind. First of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic （特征）__6__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers，you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top- heavy and unstable. Then，the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly （均匀地） while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink，__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again. __17__，the pen should make a thick，dark line. Fine- line pens may __18__ bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not command __19__ next to pri