2014届高考英语一轮复习提分指南：语法 情态动词.docVIP

高考英语语法：情态动词 情态动词有一定的词义, 表示某种感情或语气, 是不完全动词, 不能单独作谓语, 需和实义动词一起构成谓语. 常见的情态动词有: can / could, may / might, must, shall / should, will / would, need, ought to, dare / dared等一.may / might的用法:1.表示可以, 即表示说话人许可或请求许可a. You may take it away.b. May I come in ?2.表示可能, 也许 (在疑问句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示是否可能, 会不会的意思)a. He may come today.b. Is it likely to rain ?c. Do you think the train will be late ?d. Can the news be true ?这消息会是真的吗?3.在提建议时, 可用May I ?a. May I carry your bag ?b. May I make a suggestion ?二.can / could的用法:1.表示许可或请求许可, 相当于may. 但can比may用得更广泛. can不仅表示说话人同意, 准许, 还可以表示客观条件许可. may通常只表示说话人同意或准许a. The class is over. You can go home now.b. You can go there tomorrow.c. Can I borrow your car for today ?2.在提建议时, 可用Can I / you ?a. Can I buy you a drink ?3.表示会, 能, 相当于be able toa. He can speak English.b. Can you play tennis ?c. Little Tom can’t move the big box.4.在疑问句中表示怀疑, 不确定或不会有的情况, 即否定的推测a. Can it be true ? 这是真的吗?b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通过考试了吗?5.can’t / couldn’t在陈述句中可表示肯定不, 一定不的意思a. He can’t be in the room right now.b. It can’t have rained last night, for the ground is dry.6.can’t / couldn’t help doing sth表示不得不,忍不住做某事a. People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish emperor.7.can / be able to do的区别:①.be able to可用于各种时态, 而can只有现在时can和过去时could②.be able to可以和另一个不完全动词连用, 如should be able to (应该能够), must be able to (必须能够)等, 而can则不可以这样用③.强调能力时, 多用be able toa. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.④.can可用于人或其他事物作主语的句子中; be able to只用于有生命的名词或代词作主语的句子中三.must的用法:1.表示必须, 它的否定形式是need not / needn’t, 而不是must not / mustn’t, mustn’t表示禁止或不许做某事a. You must set off at once.b. You needn’t tell John about it.c. You mustn’t play with fire.2.表示肯定是, 一定是的推测意义; 与此对应, 表示肯定不,一定不用can’t, 而不用mustn’ta. You must be very tired now.b. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.c. He must have gone away. We don’t see him anywhere.3.must / have to的区别:①.must / have