social movements in the 1960s 英美文化课件.ppt

Chapter 7  SOCIAL MOVEMENTS OF THE 1960S Background and Definition Why did the social movements begin? During the fifteen years between the end of WWⅡ and the 1960s, many American man worked hard to achieve their dreams. But three groups--- Afro-Americans, young people and women---were dissatisfied with their lives. Middle-class white women were well-educated and had the opportunity to work in responsible jobs for good pay during WWⅡ, but when men returned, everything changed. Many young people resented traditional white male values in the U.S. society. Background and Definition Who worked in the social movements? Many people who believed the government and the society were wrong joined one or more of the social movements. Black and white young people worked in all the movements, as did many middle-class white women and some men. Those who worked in the civil right movement included older, usually male, Negro leaders; black and white young people, some white professional men and women, and some white housewives. Background and Definition What is a social movement? There are many definitions of “social movement”. One professor argues that “a social movement is a type of behavior in which a large number of participants consciously attempt to change existing institutions and establish a new order of life.” In other words, people work together to change government policies and society. Another professor says all social movements have two basic characteristics: “structure and spontaneity.” The Civil Rights Movement The civil rights movement began when black people spontaneously protested segregation laws and created organizations to make the protests successful. The Civil Rights Movement The spontaneous action of one woman, Rosa Parks, was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement, 5 years before the Greensboro students “sit-in.” The civil rights movement began to spread all over the south. As a result, segregation was breaking down in