论传统知识专利法保护.pdf

摘 要 传统知识的知识产权法保护是最近二十年在知识产权领域里 出现的边缘性课题。许多发展中国家和传统社区对传统知识提出的 保护主张，以及许多国际性或区域性组织对传统知识保护的讨论， 引发了人们对传统知识知识产权法保护的思考。然而，我国对传统 知识法律保护问题的研究甚少，因此，本文试图分析传统知识专利 法保护的困境，思考困境产生和走出困境的理论基础，探讨传统知 识法律保护的出路。笔者希望本文能够起到抛砖引玉之效，引起有 关人士的重视，加强传统知识保护方面的研究和实践，以实现加快 发展知识经济的目标。 本文首先分析了传统知识的概念和特征；其次，分析了传统知 识专利法保护的规范，包括以否定传统知识具有新颖性而阻止他人 申请专利的防御性保护，以及把传统知识申请为专利的积极性保护。 这两种保护都具有一定的局限性；再次，为了探求现有专利法对传 统知识保护具有局限性的原因以及如何走出传统知识保护的困境， 笔者从劳动理论到工具主义作了知识产权法哲学理论上的思考；最 后，分析了传统知识保护的现状以及提出了以工具主义财产观为理 论基础设置具有效用性的传统知识保护制度的粗陋建议。 关键词：传统知识 专利法保护 劳动理论 工具主义 效用 性 2 Abstract In recent 20 years, intellectual property (IP) protection for traditional knowledge (TK) is a marginal topic in IP field. Many developing countries and traditional communities claim the protection of TK and many international or regional organizations discuss the protection of TK, which have urged us to think the IP regime for the protection of TK. However, our country lacks of such research, so this dissertation tries to analyze the dilemma of the protection of the patent regime for TK, think about the theories of making dilemma and walking out it, and probe into the way out of the dilemma. The author hopes this dissertation can have the effect of casting a brick to attract jade, arouse the related man’s attention, strengthen the research and practice of the protection of TK, to accelerate the realization of knowledge economy. Firstly, this dissertation analyses the concept and features of TK; Secondly it analyses the patent regime for protecting TK, including the defensive protection which is a way to prevent others applying for a patent based on TK by denying the novelty in th