汤苏生-野外浒苔的围隔培养以及形态观察.doc

野外浒苔的围隔培养以及形态观察 摘要:在世界范围内的近海、海湾和河口内，由大型海洋绿藻爆发性增殖引发的“绿潮”已经成为普遍发生的生态现象之一。近两年来，我国在黄海的中、北部海域也发生了浒苔（Ulva prolifera）等大型绿藻异常增殖和聚集的绿潮现象，导致了一系列的环境问题和经济损失。目前，由于绿潮藻爆发期野外开放海域的连续性生长模拟试验难度较大，通过对黄海爆发的大型绿藻（浒苔属）进行野外围隔培养试验,发现在浒苔暴发季节,浒苔和条浒苔藻体幼苗在25℃和140μmol·m-2·s?1的条件下有最大体长生长率，分别为78.9 % d?1和82.1 % d?1。绿潮海藻浒苔生长成周期性变化，分为四个阶段：急速增长期、缓慢增长期、平稳期、下降期。其中在急速增长期最大日生长率达到80.5%。在不同的的生长阶段又有丝状体、管状体、泡状体、褶皱体四种明显不同的形态。 关键词： 浒苔；围隔实验；形态观察 The mesocosm of Ulva prolifera outside and morphological Abstract：Macroalgal blooms(green tides)have already been general ecological phoenomenon throughout inshore,gulf and estuary of the world. The green tides resulted by large green algae “Ulva prolifera” has also occurred in the central and northern part of Yellow Sea. The accumulation of macroaglgal has caused serious economic and ecological problems. By now, experiment about the green tides on the outside the lab wasn’t popular as the indoor experiment because of the condition in the outside. The experiment we carried in the yellow sea about Ulva prolifera show there fact: The results showed that the growth rate of body weight of U. prolifera and U. clathrata mature thulli were 17.30 % d–1and 16.82 % d–1 the growth of Ulva prolifera can be divided in to 4 steps, fasted growing phase, slowing growing phase, stable phase and decreased phase. On the fasted growing phase, the growing rate can reach to the top, which is 80.5%. while there were 4 different form of algea condition as well, that were filament shape , tubulouse shape, bulliform, draped shape. Key words：Ulva. prolifera；Mesocosm；Morphological 前言 2007年以来，浒苔属植物大规模生长和漂浮引起的绿潮灾在我国爆发。2007年7月初黄海中、北部海域首次出现了绿潮；2008年6月青岛附近海域的绿潮爆发更是严重威胁到青岛奥帆赛的举行[1]。而早在上个世纪八十年代，绿潮灾害就已经在包括美洲在内的37个国家相继爆发过。绿潮灾害的爆发已经成为一个世界性的生态问题 ，该灾害的主角绿潮藻类也相应的引起了人们关注的焦点。 调查显示我国的绿潮藻类以浒苔属为主。浒苔属(Enteromorpha)，属于绿藻门(Chlorophyta)，石莼纲(Ulvales)，石莼科(Ulvaceae)。我国的主要浒苔种类有：浒苔(E.prolifera(Muell)J.Ag.)、条浒苔(E.clathrata(Roth)Grev)、扁浒苔(E.compressa(L.)Grev)、肠浒苔(E.intestinalis(Linn.)Link)、管浒苔(E.tubulosa Kutz)、缘管浒苔(E.linza(L