33sql实现1.ppt

概述 The Transact-SQL Programming Language Types of Transact-SQL Statements Transact-SQL Syntax Elements Transact-SQL编程语言 Implements Entry-Level ANSI SQL-92 ISO Standard Can Be Run on Any Entry-Level Compliant Product Contains Additional Unique Functionality Transact-SQL 语句类型 数据定义语言语句 数据控制语言语句 数据操作语言语句 数据定义语言语句 Define the Database Objects CREATE object_name ALTER object_name DROP object_name Must Have the Appropriate Permissions 数据控制语言语句 Set or Change Permissions GRANT DENY REVOKE Must Have the Appropriate Permissions 数据操作语言语句 USE DML Statements to Change Data or Retrieve Information SELECT INSERT UPDATE DELETE Must Have the Appropriate Permissions Transact-SQL语法要素 批处理命令 注释语句 标示符 数据类型 变量 系统函数 运算符 表达式 流控制语言 保留关键字 批处理命令 GO Delineates batches of Transact-SQL statements to tools and utilities Is not an actual Transact-SQL statement EXEC Executes a user-defined function, system procedure, user-defined stored procedure, or an extended stored procedure Controls the execution of a character string within a Transact-SQL batch 注释语句 In-line Comments Block Comments 标示符 Standard Identifiers First character must be alphabetic Other characters can include letters, numerals, or symbols Identifiers starting with symbols have special uses Delimited Identifiers Use when names contain embedded spaces Use when reserved words are portions of names Enclose in brackets ([ ]) or quotation marks ( ) 表示符的命名原则 Keep Names Short Use Meaningful Names Where Possible Use Clear and Simple Naming Conventions Use an Identifier That Distinguishes Types of Object Views Stored procedures Keep Object Names and User Names Unique Sales table and sales role 数据类型 Numbers Dates Characters Binary Unique Identifiers (GUID) SQL Variants Image and Text Table Cursor User-defined 变量 User-defined with DECLARE @ Statement Assigned Values with SET or SELECT @ Statement Variables Have Local or Global Scope 系统函数 Aggregate Functions Scalar Functions Rowset Functions 系统函数举例 系统函数 Types of Operators Arithmetic Com