浙江省2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习学案：第7讲 动词的时态和语态.docVIP

第 7 讲 动词的时态和语态 1. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant______in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. (2011浙江卷) A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given　 【答案及解析】1. C　考查动词的时态。句意为“经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。 【答案及解析】幸运的是，一切进展顺利。”经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。易误选A项，gave表示过去的动作发生过，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中。 2. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010浙江卷) A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating　 【答案及解析】2. D　句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。 3. For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. (2010浙江卷) A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of 【答案及解析】3. B　句意：许多年来，人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而，制造它们比想象中要难得多。由此推断此处的梦想从过去到现在。目前，市场上已经有了电动汽车，所以应用现在完成时。 4. Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(2009浙江卷) A. had decreased B. decreased C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing 【答案及解析】4. C　句意：在过去的几十年中，由于全球变暖，北冰洋的海冰一直在减少。 5. — What do you think of the movie? — Its fantastic.The only pity is that I ______ the beginning of it.(2009浙江卷) A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss 【答案及解析】5. A　根据语境，“错过电影开头”这一动作发生在过去，故用过去时。 动词的分类 动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气三种形式的变化。 1．动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种。 2．动词的四种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 3．动词按其构成动词词组的作用可分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。 (1)实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词； (2)连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。 时态和语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态(Active Voice )：在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者。如： The student wrote a song. 被动语态(Passive Voice): 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。如： A song was written by the student. 主动语态变被动语态三步骤： 1. 原来的主语变为宾语，其前加“by”； 2. 原来的(直接)宾语提前作主语； 3. 动词变为被动 be ＋ 过去分词(be要变化) 如： Millions_of_people will watch the_f