linux内核设计与实现 第二章.docVIP

Chapter 2. Getting Started with the Kernel In this chapter, we introduce some of the Basics of the Linux kernel: where to get its source, how to compile it, and how to install the new kernel. We then go over some kernel assumptions, differences between the kernel and user-space programs, and common methods used in the kernel. The kernel has some intriguing differences over other beasts, but certainly nothing that cannot be tamed. Lets tackle it. 第二章 从内核出发 在这一章，我们介绍Linux内核一些基本常识：从何处获取源码，如何编译它，又如何安装新内核。那么，让我们考察一下内核的一些状态、内核程序与用户空间程序的差异，以及内核所用一般函数的特点。 内核像性格怪异的猛兽,但并非不可驯服。让我们来驾驭它。 Obtaining the Kernel Source The current Linux source code is always available in both a complete tarball and an incremental patch from the official home of the Linux kernel, . Unless you have a specific reason to work with an older version of the Linux source, you always want the latest code. The repository at is the place to get it, along with additional patches from a number of leading kernel developers. 2.1获取内核源码 在Linux内核官方网站，可以随时获取当前版本的Linux源代码，可以是完整的压缩形式，也可以是增量补丁形式。 除非特殊情况下需要Linux源码的旧版本，一般都希望拥有最新的代码。是源码的库存之处，那些领导潮流的内核开发者所发布的增量补丁也放在这里。 Installing the Kernel Source The kernel tarball is distributed in both GNU zip (gzip) and bzip2 format. Bzip2 is the default and preferred format, as it generally compresses quite a bit better than gzip. The Linux kernel tarball in bzip2 format is named linux-x.y.z.tar.bz2, where x.y.z is the version of that particular release of the kernel source. After downloading the source, uncompressing and untarring it is simple. If your tarball is compressed with bzip2, run $ tar xvjf linux-x.y.z.tar.bz2 If it is compressed with GNU zip, run $ tar xvzf linux-x.y.z.tar.gz This uncompresses and untars the source to the directory linux-x.y.z. 2.1.1安装内核源代码 内核压缩以GNU zip(gzip)和bzip2两种形式发布。bzip2是缺省和首选形式，因为它在压缩上比gzip有相当的优势。以bzip2形式发布的Linux内核叫做linux-x.y.z.tar.bz2，这里x.y.z是内核源码的具体版本。下载了源代码之后，就可以轻而易举地对其解压。如果压缩形式是bzip2，则运行： $ tar xvjf linux-x.y.z.tar.bz2 如果压缩形式是GNU的zip，则运行 $